Skip to main content

Ear Reconstruction: Congenital, Microtia, Otoplasty

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Tips and Tricks in Plastic Surgery
  • 2426 Accesses

Abstract

Congenital ear issues are relatively common. Ear tags, pre-auricular sinus tracts, irregular helical contours, absence of the anti-helical fold, and bifid ear lobes are often seen by surgeons with a pediatric practice. Less common deformities are Stahl’s deformity of the superior crus, asymmetric ear size, cryptotia, microtia, and vascular and pigmented birthmarks of the ear.

The paucity of a newborn’s scalp hair and their lack of early interaction make ear deformities particularly noticeable to their parents in the first few months of life. With a greater awareness of the potential benefit of early ear molding, pediatricians are now referring younger babies with ear deformities to plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists. Some ear configurations such as prominent ears secondary to conchal bowl hypertrophy and or incomplete anti-helical folding often run in families.

This chapter will offer tips on making treatment of the most commonly seen ear deformities easier for both the patient, their family and the treating surgeon.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tanzer RC. Total reconstruction of the external ear. Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1959;23(1):1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nagata S. A new method of total reconstruction of the auricle for microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;92(2):187–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nagata S, Fukuda O. A new approach for the lobular type microtia. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;7:689.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Firmin F. Ear reconstruction in cases of typical microtia: personal experience based on 352 microtic ear corrections. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1998;32(1):35–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ksrai L, Snyder-Warwick A, Fisher D. Single-stage autologous ear reconstruction for microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133(3):652–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wallace CG, Mao HY, Wang CJ, Chen YA, Chen PK, Chen ZC. Three-dimensional computer tomography reveals different donor-site deformities in adult and growing microtia patients despite total subperichondrial costal cartilage harvest and donor-site reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133(3):640–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kasrai L, Fisher D. Does the 3D cartilage construct in microtia patients stand the test of time? A greater than 10 year follow-up. Paper presented at 2nd Congress of International Society of Auricular Reconstruction. 2017 Sept 22–24; Beijing, China.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cronin TD, Greenberg RL, Brauer RO. Follow-up study of silastic frame for reconstruction of external ear. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1968;42(6):522–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lynch JB, Pousti A, Doyle JE, et al. Our experience with silastic ear implants. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1972;49:283–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Reinisch J, Lewin S. Ear reconstruction using a porous polyethylene framework and temporoparietal fascia flap. Facial Plast Surg. 2009;25:181–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Reinisch J, Tahiri Y. Polyethylene ear reconstruction: a state-of-the-art surgical journey. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141:461–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tahiri Y, Reinisch J. Porous polyethylene ear reconstruction. In: Buchanan E, editor. Pediatric craniofacial surgery: state of the craft. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Whitton JP, Polley BB. Evaluating the perceptual and pathophysiological consequences of auditory deprivation in early postnatal life: a comparison of basis and clinical studies. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2011;12(5):535–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wilmington D, Gray L, Jahrsdoerfer R. Binaural processing after corrected unilateral conductive hearing loss. Hear Res. 1974;74(1–2):99–114.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kaplan AB, Kozin ED, Remenschneider A, Eftekhari K, Jung DH, Polley DB, et al. Amblyaudia: review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of s new diagnosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;154(2):247–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Roberson J. Combined atresia microtia (CAM) repair, a new method of reconstruction of form and function in congenital aural atresia and microtia. In: Reinisch J, Tahiri Y, editors. Modern microtia: art, science, and new clinical techniques. Cham: Springer; 2019. p. 167–89.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Reinisch J. Ear reconstruction in young children. Facial Plast Surg. 2015;31(6):600–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mazeed A, Bulstrode N. Refinements in otoplasty surgery: experience in 200 consecutive cases using cartilage-sparing technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;144(1):72–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Reinisch, J.F. (2022). Ear Reconstruction: Congenital, Microtia, Otoplasty. In: Thaller, S.R., Panthaki, Z.J. (eds) Tips and Tricks in Plastic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78028-9_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78028-9_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78027-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78028-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics