Abstract
Recent studies illustrate that people have negative attitudes towards utilizing autonomous systems due to lack of trust. Moreover, research shows a human-centered approach in autonomy is perceived as more trustworthy by users. In this paper, we scrutinize whether passengers expect self-driving cars (SDC) to mimic their personal driving behaviors or if they hold different expectations of how a SDC should drive. We developed a survey with 46 questions that asked 352 participants about their personal driving behaviors such as speed, lane changing, distance from a car in front, acceleration and deceleration, passing vehicles, etc. We further asked the same questions about their expectations of a SDC performing these tasks. Interestingly, we observed that most people prefer a SDC that drives like a less aggressive version of their own driving behaviors. Participants who reported they trust or somewhat trust AI, autonomous technologies, and SDCs expected a car with behaviors similar to their personal driving behaviors. We also found that the expectation of a SDC’s level of attenuated aggressiveness witnessed among all other participants was relative to their personal driving behavior aggressiveness. For instance, male drivers showed to be more aggressive drivers than female drivers, and therefore, their expectations for a SDC was slightly more aggressive. These findings can be useful in developing certain profiles or settings for SDCs, and overall they can help in designing a SDC that is perceived as trustworthy by passengers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abd, M.A., Gonzalez, I., Ades, C., Nojoumian, M., Engeberg, E.D.: Simulated robotic device malfunctions resembling malicious cyberattacks impact human perception of trust, satisfaction, and frustration. Int. J. Adv. Rob. Syst 16(5), 1–16 (2019)
Abd, M.A., Gonzalez, I., Nojoumian, M., Engeberg, E.D.: Trust, satisfaction and frustration measurements during human-robot interaction. In: 30th Florida Conference on Recent Advances in Robotics (FCRAR), pp. 89–93 (2017)
Abraham, H., et al.: Autonomous vehicles, trust, and driving alternatives: A survey of consumer preferences, pp. 1–16. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AgeLab, Cambridge (2016)
Butakov, V., Ioannou, P.: Driving autopilot with personalization feature for improved safety and comfort. In: 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 387–393. IEEE (2015)
Choi, J.K., Ji, Y.G.: Investigating the importance of trust on adopting an autonomous vehicle. Int. J. Human-Comput. Interact. 31(10), 692–702 (2015)
Goodrich, M.A., Boer, E.R.: Model-based human-centered task automation: a case study in ACC system design. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.-Part A Syst. Humans 33(3), 325–336 (2003)
Howard, D., Dai, D.: Public perceptions of self-driving cars: the case of Berkeley, California. In: Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting, vol. 14, pp. 1–16 (2014)
Koo, J., Kwac, J., Ju, W., Steinert, M., Leifer, L., Nass, C.: Why did my car just do that? explaining semi-autonomous driving actions to improve driver understanding, trust, and performance. Int. J. Interact. Design Manuf. (IJIDeM) 9(4), 269–275 (2015)
Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R., de Winter, J.C.: Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 32, 127–140 (2015)
Lee, J.D., See, K.A.: Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Human Fact. 46(1), 50–80 (2004)
Harrison McKnight, D., Chervany, N.L.: Trust and distrust definitions: one bite at a time. In: Falcone, R., Singh, M., Tan, Y.-H. (eds.) Trust in Cyber-societies. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2246, pp. 27–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45547-7_3
Merfeld, K., Wilhelms, M.P., Henkel, S., Kreutzer, K.: Carsharing with shared autonomous vehicles: uncovering drivers, barriers and future developments-a four-stage delphi study. Technol. Forecast. Social Change 144, 66–81 (2019)
Nojoumian, M.: Adaptive driving mode in semi or fully autonomous vehicles (2019). US Patent App. 16/165,559
Nojoumian, M.: Adaptive mood control in semi or fully autonomous vehicles (2019). US Patent App. 16/165,509
Park, C.: Using EEG and Structured Data Collection Techniques to Measure Passenger Emotional Response in Human-Autonomous Vehicle Interactions. Master’s thesis, Florida Atlantic University (2018)
Park, C., Nojoumian, M.: Social acceptability of autonomous vehicles: Unveiling correlation of passenger trust and emotional response. Florida Atlantic University, Technical report (2021)
Park, C., Shahrdar, S., Nojoumian, M.: EEG-based classification of emotional state using an autonomous vehicle simulator. In: 10th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), pp. 297–300. IEEE (2018)
Shahrdar, S.: New Structured Data Collection Approach For Real-Time Trust Measurement in Human-Autonomous Vehicle Interactions. Master’s thesis, Florida Atlantic University (2018)
Shahrdar, S., Menezes, L., Nojoumian, M.: A survey on trust in autonomous systems. In: Arai, K., Kapoor, S., Bhatia, R. (eds.) SAI 2018. AISC, vol. 857, pp. 368–386. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01177-2_27
Shahrdar, S., Park, C., Nojoumian, M.: Human trust measurement using an immersive virtual reality autonomous vehicle simulator. In: 2nd AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society, pp. 515–520. ACM (2019)
Yan, C., Xu, W., Liu, J.: Can you trust autonomous vehicles: contactless attacks against sensors of self-driving vehicle. DEF CON 24, 109 (2016)
Zang, S., Ding, M., Smith, D., Tyler, P., Rakotoarivelo, T., Kaafar, M.A.: The impact of adverse weather conditions on autonomous vehicles: how rain, snow, fog, and hail affect the performance of a self-driving car. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 14(2), 103–111 (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Craig, J., Nojoumian, M. (2021). Should Self-Driving Cars Mimic Human Driving Behaviors?. In: Krömker, H. (eds) HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12791. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78358-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78358-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78357-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78358-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)