Abstract
Re-globalization is a relatively new term. It intends to frame and characterize the most recent phase of globalization: the phase we are currently in. Although the term is not undisputed, in every respect still in the making and must be contextualized according to different environments, it serves as a connecting bond between a variety of phenomena that suggest that globalization has entered a phase of transition, if not profound transformation. In fact, for a couple of years now, the dynamics of “re-globalization,” i.e., of both rethinking and remodeling known globalization patterns due to increasing rifts and ruptures, are affecting most, if not all aspects of globalized practices, habits and lifestyles.
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Notes
- 1.
Cf. Roland Benedikter: Re-Globalization: Aspects of a heuristic umbrella term trying to encompass contemporary change. An introductory overview. Book chapter 1. In: Roland Benedikter, Ingrid Kofler, Mirjam Gruber (eds.): Re-Globalization: New Frontiers of Political, Economic and Social Globalization. Routledge book series: Rethinking Globalizations, Volume 95, London et al.: Routledge / Wiley & Sons 2022, https://www.routledge.com/Re-Globalization-New-Frontiers-of-Political-Economic-and-Social-Globalization/Benedikter-Gruber-Kofler/p/book/9780367642846.
- 2.
Barrie Axford: Where Globalities Are Made. In: Global-e. A Global Studies Journal, edited by the 21st Century Global Dynamics Initiative (GDI), University of California at Santa Barbara, Volume 13, February 28, 2020, Issue 12, Series Re-globalization, https://www.21global.ucsb.edu/global-e/february-2020/where-globalities-are-made (last accessed October 21, 2020).
- 3.
Roland Benedikter, Ingrid Kofler: Globalization’s Current Transition Phase: The 5R’s, loc cit.
- 4.
Princeton Fung Fellowship Initiative 2020–21: Thinking Globally, https://piirs.princeton.edu/funggfp (last accessed October 26, 2020).
- 5.
Ibid.
- 6.
Oren M. Levin-Waldman: Globalism and Inequality Are the Real Threats to Our Democracy. In: Challenge, Volume 63, January 3, 2020, Issue 2, Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, online version to be found at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/05775132.2019.1709725 (last accessed October 21, 2020).
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Ulrich Ladurner: Coronavirus in Italien: „Wir haben uns allmächtig gefühlt“. Den Menschen im Norden Italiens ging es gut. Doch die Corona-Krise habe dem ‚Individualismus und Konsumismus‘ dort einen Schlag versetzt, sagt der Bischof von Lodi [Coronavirus in Italy: “We felt almighty”. The People in the North of Italy Were Going Well. But the Corona Crisis Dealt a Blow to ‘Individualism and Consumerism’ There, Says the Bishop of Lodi]. In: Zeit Online, April 5, 2020, https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2020-04/coronavirus-italien-bischof-lodi-maurizio-malvestiti (last accessed November 4, 2020).
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- 10.
Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan: The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What To Do About It. Princeton University Press, 2014, https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/publications/the-butterfly-defect-how-globalization-creates-systemic-risks-and-what-to-do-about-it/ (last accessed November 4, 2020). Cf. Ian Goldin Homepage: The Butterfly Defect (2014), https://iangoldin.org/books/the-butterfly-defect/ (last accessed November 4, 2020); and Oxford Martin School, Oxford University: “The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It” with Prof Ian Goldin, November 10, 2014, https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/videos/the-butterfly-defect-how-globalization-creates-systemic-risks-and-what-to-do-about-it/ (last accessed November 4, 2020).
- 11.
Jonty Bloom: Will Coronavirus Reverse Globalisation?, loc cit.
- 12.
Ibid.
- 13.
BBC News World: Coronavirus: Greatest Test Since World War Two, Says UN Chief, April 1, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52114829 (last accessed October 21, 2020).
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Kurt M. Campbell and Rush Doshi: The Coronavirus Could Reshape Global Order. China Is Maneuvering for International Leadership as the United States Falters. In: Foreign Affairs, March 18, 2020, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2020-03-18/coronavirus-could-reshape-global-order?utm_medium=promo_email&utm_source=pre_release&utm_campaign=special_send_pei_china_coming_upheaval_regusers&utm_content=20200403&utm_term=registrant-prerelease (last accessed October 21, 2020).
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Yuval Noah Harari: In the Battle Against Coronavirus, Humanity Lacks Leadership. In: Time, March 15, 2020, https://time.com/5803225/yuval-noah-harari-coronavirus-humanity-leadership/ (last accessed October 21, 2020).
- 17.
Mark Leonard’s World in 30 Minutes: Corona Angst—How the Virus Puts the European Project and Globalisation at Risk. In: Soundcloud, March 18, 2020, https://soundcloud.com/ecfr/corona-angst-how-the-virus-puts-the-european-project-and-globalisation-at-risk (last accessed November 3, 2020).
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Philippe Legrain: The Coronavirus Is Killing Globalization as We Know It. The Outbreak Has Been a Gift to Nativist Nationalists and Protectionists, and It Is Likely to Have a Long-Term Impact on the Free Movement of People and Goods. In: Foreign Policy, March 12, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/12/coronavirus-killing-globalization-nationalism-protectionism-trump/ (last accessed October 21, 2020).
- 19.
Ibid.
- 20.
Frederik van Til: Three Scenarios for Globalisation in a Post-Covid World. In: Clingendael Spectator, April 1, 2020, https://spectator.clingendael.org/nl/publicatie/three-scenarios-globalisation-post-covid-19-world (last accessed October 21, 2020).
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Donald J. Trump: Proclamation on the National Day of Prayer for all Americans Affected by the Corona Pandemic and for our National Response Efforts. In: The White House, Washington, DC, March 14, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-national-day-prayer-americans-affected-coronavirus-pandemic-national-response-efforts/ (last accessed October 21, 2020).
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- 25.
Bild Zeitung: Planet im Ruhemodus. Corona lässt die Erde weniger wackeln [Planet in Sleep Mode. Corona Makes the Earth Shake Less], April 3, 2020, https://www.bild.de/news/2020/news/corona-laesst-die-erde-weniger-wackeln-planet-im-ruhemodus-69829924.bild.html (last accessed November 3, 2020).
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France 24: Religion in Conservative Mideast Adapts to Coronavirus. March 22, 2020, https://www.france24.com/en/20200322-religion-in-conservative-mideast-adapts-to-coronavirus (last accessed October 22, 2020).
- 27.
Jane Dalton: Coronavirus: Christians Must Not Use Pandemic to Sell Religion, Says Church Leader. ‘The Challenge Is Not to Become a Good Salespeople of Religion as Much as Free Gifts of God’s Grace’. In: Independent, March 26, 2020, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/coronavirus-religion-faith-church-christian-martyn-atkins-a9427816.html (last accessed October 22, 2020).
- 28.
Vivian Yee: In a Pandemic, Religion Can Be a Balm and a Risk. As Scientists and Politicians Struggle for a Response to the Coronavirus, Many People Are Turning to Faith. But Some Practices Raise Public Health Concerns. In: The New York Times, March 22, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/world/middleeast/coronavirus-religion.html (last accessed October 22, 2020).
- 29.
Elaine Howard Ecklund: How Religious Leaders Can Help Stop the Spread of Coronavirus. In: Time, March 21, 2020, https://time.com/5807372/coronavirus-religion-science/ (last accessed October 22, 2020).
- 30.
Gökhan Bacik: The Coronavirus and Its Impact on Religion and the International System. In: Ahval News, March 19, 2020, https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-coronavirus/coronavirus-and-its-impact-religion-and-international-system (last accessed October 22, 2020).
- 31.
Ibid.
- 32.
Ibid.
- 33.
BBC News Stories: Dalai Lama: Seven Billion People ‘Need a Sense of Oneness’. June 12, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-53028343 (last accessed February 25, 2021).
- 34.
Ibid.
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Benedikter, R. (2022). A Shifting Global Scenery: The Age of Re-globalization. In: Religion in the Age of Re-Globalization. Culture and Religion in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80857-0_3
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