Skip to main content

Perspectives of Instructors and Students on Online Chinese Teaching and Learning in 2020: Preliminary Findings

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Teaching the Chinese Language Remotely

Abstract

This chapter reports preliminary findings of two surveys conducted to investigate the perspectives of instructors and students regarding their online Chinese teaching and learning experiences. Seventy-eight instructors teaching Chinese in eight countries and 133 students studying Chinese in nine countries completed the surveys before June 1, 2020. The findings revealed that a majority of instructors and students perceived online learning outcomes lower than onsite and that they would choose face-to-face or hybrid instructional modes if given a choice. However, the majority reported that they were willing to teach/take fully online courses in the future. Furthermore, the instructors expressed their confidence in teaching online, and most students indicated their overall satisfaction with online learning. These findings are discussed with relevant literature and further recommendations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The global monitoring of school closures caused by COVID-19 including the visualized evolution over time is available at https://en.unesco.org/COVID19/educationresponse.

References

  • Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2017). Digital learning compass: Distance education enrollment report. https://onlinelearningconsortium.org/read/digital-learning-compass-distance-education-enrollment-report-2017

  • Arias, J., Swinton, J., & Anderson, K. (2018). Online Vs. Face-to-Face: A comparison of student outcomes with random assignment. e-Journal of Business Education & Scholarship of Teaching, 12(2), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai, J., Li, C., & Yeh, W. C. (2019). Integrating technology in the teaching of advanced Chinese. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 10(1), 73–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, R., Abrami, P., Lou, Y., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Wozney, L., Wallet, P., Fiset, M., & Huang, B. (2004). How does distance education compare with classroom instruction? A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 379–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best Colleges. (2019). 2019 Online education trends report. https://res.cloudinary.com/highereducation/image/upload/v1556050834/BestColleges.com/edutrends/2019-Online-Trends-in-Education-Report-BestColleges.pdf

  • Bonk, C., Lee, M., Reeves, T., & Reynolds, T. (Eds.). (2015). MOOCs and open education the world. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonk, C. J., & Zhang, K. (2008). Empowering online learning: 100+ activities for reading, reflecting, displaying, and doing. John Wiley Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coates, D., Humphreys, B. R., Kane, J., & Vachris, M. (2004). “No significant distance” between face to face and online instruction: Evidence from principles of economics. Economics of Education Review, 23(5), 533–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, J. (2008). Learning in real time: Synchronous teaching and learning online (Jossey-Bass Guides to Online Teaching and Learning Book 5). Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giannini, S., Jenkins, R., & Saavedra, J. (2020, May 13). Reopening schools: When, where and how? https://en.unesco.org/news/reopening-schools-when-where-and-how

  • Hiltz, S., & Goldman, R. (2004). Learning together online: Research on asynchronous learning networks. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020, March 27). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning

  • Jin, L., Xu, Y., Deifell, E., & Angus, K. (2021). Emergency remote language teaching and U.S.-based college-level world language educators’ intention to adopt online teaching in postpandemic times. The Modern Language Journal, 105(2) https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12712

  • Kim, K. J., Liu, S., & Bonk, C. J. (2005). Online MBA students’ perceptions of online learning: Benefits, challenges, and suggestions. Internet and Higher Education, 8(4), 335–344. Lai, C., Zhao, Y., Li, M. (2008). Designing a distance foreign language learning environment. In S. Goertler & P. Winke (Eds.), Opening doors through distance language education: Principles, perspectives, and practice (pp. 85–108). CALICO Monograph Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koç, S., Liu, X., & Wachira, P. (Eds.). (2015). Assessment in online and blended learning environments (pp. 77–101). Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kryczka, S. (2014). The graduate student learning experience in online, hybrid, and onsite courses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northeastern University. https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:336592/fulltext.pdf

  • Lai, C., Zhao, Y., & Li, M. (2008). Designing a distance foreign language learning environment. In S. Goertler & P. Winke (Eds.), Opening doors through distance language education: Principles, perspectives, and practice (pp. 85–108). CALICO Monograph Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lederman, D. (2019). Professors’ slow, steady acceptance of online learning: A survey. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/survey/professors-slow-steady-acceptance-online-learning-survey

  • Li, J. (2019). Online Chinese program evaluation and quality control. International Chinese Language Education, 4(3), 62–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., & Jiang, Z. (2017). Students’ perceptions about a flipped online Chinese language course. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 8(2), 25–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, S. (2007). The characteristics of online Chinese language teaching and learning in higher education: Perceptions of teachers and students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation of Alliant International University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, H. (2021, April 17). Remote language teaching and learning: Opportunities and challenges for testing. Presentation given at the 2021 Annual Conference of Chinese Language Teachers Association, held virtually online via Zoom, April 8–18. https://clta-us.org/clta-annual-conference/

  • Liu, S. (2009). Assessment in online courses. In P. Rogers, G. Berge, J. Boettcher, C. Howard, L. Justice, & K. Shenk (Eds.), Encyclopedia of distance learning (2nd ed., pp. 103–107). Idea Group, Inc..

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S. (2018). Teaching and learning Chinese language online: What and why? International Chinese Language Education, 3(2), 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S. (2020a). Similarities and differences between teaching and learning of the Chinese language online and onsite: Opportunities and challenges. Invited presentation given at the “A Series of Zoom Presentations on Remote Chinese Teaching”, organized by DoIE Chinese Language & Exchange Programs, San Francisco State University, May 29, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S. (2020b). Online, remote, hybrid/blended, hyflex: A brief discussion on teaching in different delivery modes. Invited talk given for the 6th Online Chinese Teaching Forum and Workshop (OCTFW) and Chinese Teachers Association of Michigan Conference. Organized by the Confucius Institute of Michigan State University, via Zoom, November 14, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S., Kim, K. J., Bonk, C. J., & Magjuka, R. (2007). Benefits, challenges, and suggestions: What do online MBA professors have to say about online teaching? The Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(2). http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/summer102/liu102.htm

  • Liu, X., Liu, S., Lee, S., & Magjuka, J. (2010). Cultural differences in online learning: International student perceptions. Educational Technology & Society, 13(3), 177–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, R., Liu, S., Watson, W., & Bichelmeyer, B. (2006). Evaluation of a web-based Master’s degree program in a Midwestern research university. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 7(3), 267–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2010). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. Available from the U.S. Department of Education at http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf

  • Moore, M., & Anderson, W. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of distance education. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. G., & Thompson, M. M. (1990). The effects of distance learning: A summary of literature. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 330 321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni, A. (2013). Comparing the effectiveness of classroom and online learning: Teaching research methods. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 19(2), 199–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palloff, R., & Pratt, K. (2008). Assessing the online learner: Resources and strategies for faculty (Jossey-Bass Guides to Online Teaching and Learning Book 13). Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudestam, K. E., & Schoenholtz-Read, J. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of online learning (2nd ed.). Sage Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, T. L. (2001). The no significant difference phenomenon: A comparative research annotated bibliography on technology for distance education (5th ed.). ARELLO Education and Technology Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stickler, U., & Shi, L. (2013). Supporting Chinese speaking skills online. System, 41(1), 50–69. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/49513/

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su, Y. (2020). Teaching Chinese online to non-degree seeking students. Presentation given via Zoom on July 18, 2020, organized by Beijing Language and Culture University Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, M., Chen, Y., & Olson, A. (2013). Developing and implementing an online Chinese program: A Case Study. In B. Zou, M. Xing, Y. Wang, M. Sun, & C. Xiang (Eds.), Computer-assisted foreign language teaching and learning: Technological advances (pp. 160–187). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2821-2.ch010

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thormann, J., & Zimmerman, I. (2012). The complete step-by-step guide to designing and teaching online courses. Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseng, M., Gao, Y., & Cai, L. (2019). Enhancing interaction through the effective incorporation of technology tools for a virtual Chinese language classroom. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 10(1), 91–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vai, M., & Sosulsk, K. (2016). Essentials of online course design: A standards-based guide. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vorobel, O., & Kim, D. (2012). Language teaching at a distance: An overview of research. CALICO, 29(3), 548–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. (2012). E-language teaching and learning in Australia: A case study. http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/48843/80825_1.pdf;jsessionid=3C9D4A47655AD2A416FBD375283C6ECB?sequence=1

  • World Health Organization. (2020). Archived: WHO timeline – COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline%2D%2D-COVID-19

  • Xu, L., Chen, Y., & Shi, S. (2021). An analysis of international students’ experiences of online courses: Based on a survey of international students at a Chinese university. Journal of International Chinese Teaching, 1, 39–49. [徐来, 陈钰, 施妤婕 (2021),国际学生汉语课程线上学习体验调查分析—以国内某高校国际学生为例,《国际汉语教学研究》, 2021年第1期, 39–49页].

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, Y. (2001). Network in the classroom and classroom on the network. Chinese Teaching in the World, 4, 98–104. [郑艳群(2001).课堂上的网络和网络上的课堂 – 从现代教育技术看对外汉语教学的发展 《世界汉语教学》, 第4期, 98–104页].

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, R. (2020). Chinese language teaching in Beijing Normal University under Pandemic. Presentation given via Zoom on July 18, 2020, organized by Beijing Language and Culture University Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, J. (2020, March 10). Coronavirus and the Great Online-Learning Experiment. Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/coronavirus-and-the-great-online-learning-experiment/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shijuan Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Liu, S., Wang, Y., Zhan, H. (2022). Perspectives of Instructors and Students on Online Chinese Teaching and Learning in 2020: Preliminary Findings. In: Liu, S. (eds) Teaching the Chinese Language Remotely. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87055-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87055-3_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87054-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87055-3

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics