Abstract
Long-term changes in the climate lead to an increase of activities in the Arctic. Ships and structures operating in Arctic waters may encounter sea ice and must be designed to withstand the loads resulting from ice-ship or ice-structure interactions. Traditionally, design rules for ships, structures and operations in ice-covered waters have been based on full-scale measurements and model-scale tests. Full-scale measurements and model-scale tests will remain important sources of data and knowledge in the future. Numerical simulations can give valuable additional insights into the processes and loads resulting from ice-ship and ice-structure interactions. The primary advantage of numerical modelling compared to full-scale measurements and model-scale tests is the marginal cost of testing. This enables the testing of a multitude of design options and ice conditions. Challenges in the application of numerical models are related to finding a balance between model efficiency and accuracy and model validation and calibration.
This chapter briefly introduces a numerical model referred to as the Simulator for Arctic Marine Structures (SAMS), and five examples of its applications to modelling ice-ship and ice-structure interactions for Arctic design with informed descisionmaking. The goal of this chapter is to show how numerical modelling can aid informed decisiomaking by regulators, project owners and contractors in cases involving the safety, efficiency and viability of ships, structures and operations in ice-covered waters. Therefore, the application examples mainly focus on the insights obtained by numerical modelling, and do not provide an in-depth technical description of the modelling process. The reader is referred to the literature referenced within this chapter for more detailed descriptions of the modelling processes and assumptions. The application examples in this chapter cover three application phases: research and development (R&D), design and operational assistance.
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van den Berg, M., Bjørnø, J., Lu, W., Skjetne, R., Lubbad, R., Løset, S. (2022). (Research): The Value of High-Fidelity Numerical Simulations of Ice-Ship and Ice-Structure Interaction in Arctic Design with Informed Decisionmaking. In: Berkman, P.A., Vylegzhanin, A.N., Young, O.R., Balton, D.A., Øvretveit, O.R. (eds) Building Common Interests in the Arctic Ocean with Global Inclusion. Informed Decisionmaking for Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89312-5_10
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