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An Ocean of Signals: Intracellular and Extracellular Signaling in Diatoms

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The Molecular Life of Diatoms

Abstract

Diatoms are frequently exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic stressors, and they rely on sophisticated sensing mechanisms to perceive and respond accordingly to fluctuations in their environment. In order to convert diverse environmental cues into activation of specific signal transduction pathways, diatoms utilize an array of second messengers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), calcium (Ca2+), and cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP). Specificity in signal transduction is achieved by precise spatiotemporal control of the level of second messengers, the specific combination of these molecules, and their available cellular targets. In addition to second messengers, diatoms utilize other chemical cues that are exuded by conspecifics and other organisms in their microenvironment. These molecules, named infochemicals, convey an essential information on the producer physiological state, and serve as a chemical language that mediates marine microbial interactions. These infochemicals have specific bioactivities, and some are toxic to competitors, grazers, or pathogens. The outcomes of this chemical communication highly depend on the context, and the same signal may lead to different cell fates. In some cases, chemical cues can even initiate a programmed cell death (PCD) cascade, which was suggested to contribute to the high turnover of phytoplankton and to be involved in bloom demise. In this chapter, we discuss the current knowledge regarding diatom extracellular and intracellular signaling, mainly during biotic interactions. In addition, we discuss how cellular processes that occur at the single-cell level may alter population dynamics and even large-scale biogeochemical processes. Finally, we propose future research directions that will shed light on the ecological importance of chemical communication in diatoms.

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Abbreviations

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

DA:

Domoic acid

DD:

2E,4E/Z-decadienal

GSH:

Glutathione

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthases

PCD:

Programmed cell death

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

roGFP:

redox sensitive GFP

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Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) (grant #1972) awarded to AV.

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Author notes

  1. Shiri Graff van Creveld and Avia Mizrachi contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Shiri Graff van Creveld, Avia Mizrachi & Assaf Vardi

Authors
  1. Shiri Graff van Creveld
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  2. Avia Mizrachi
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  3. Assaf Vardi
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Correspondence to Assaf Vardi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les microalgues, UMR7141, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Sorbonne Université Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France

    Angela Falciatore

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK

    Thomas Mock

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Graff van Creveld, S., Mizrachi, A., Vardi, A. (2022). An Ocean of Signals: Intracellular and Extracellular Signaling in Diatoms. In: Falciatore, A., Mock, T. (eds) The Molecular Life of Diatoms. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92499-7_22

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