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Chapter 3 The Intersection of Women’s Health and Poverty

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Poverty in the United States

Abstract

We sought to understand the multilevel syndemic factors that are concurrently contributing to the HIV epidemic among women living in the USA. We specifically examined community, network, dyadic, and individual factors to explain HIV vulnerability within a socioecological framework. We analyzed data from four diverse locations: Atlanta, New York City (the Bronx), Raleigh/Durham, and Washington, D.C. The following themes were identified at four levels including (1) exosystem (community): poverty prevalence, discrimination, gender imbalances, community violence, and housing challenges; (2) mesosystem (network): organizational social support and sexual concurrency; (3) microsystem (dyadic): sex exchange, interpersonal social support, and intimate partner violence; and (4) individual: HIV/STI awareness, risk taking, and substance use. A strong theme emerged with over 80 % of responses linked to the fundamental role of financial insecurity underlying risk-taking behavioral pathways. Multilevel syndemic factors contribute to women’s vulnerability to HIV in the USA. Financial insecurity is a predominant theme, suggesting the need for tailored programming for women to reduce HIV risk.

“There is more to life than the little box you live in. There’s a whole other world.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Paula M. Frew

  2. Hubert Department of Global Health & Department of Behavioral, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health Sciences and Health Education, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Paula M. Frew

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Linda Vo, Lauren E. Owens & Laura Randall

  4. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Laura Randall

  5. Department of Health Studies, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, USA

    Kimberly A. Parker

  6. FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA

    Danielle F. Haley

  7. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Danielle F. Haley

  8. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Terry McGovern

  9. SisterLove, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA

    Lisa Diane White

  10. Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Ann O’Leary

  11. Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Carol E. Golin

  12. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Carol E. Golin

  13. Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Carol E. Golin

  14. Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Irene Kuo

  15. West Virginia Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (WVCTSI), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Sally Hodder

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Correspondence to Paula M. Frew .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Ann O'Leary

  2. Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Paula M. Frew

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Frew, P.M. et al. (2017). Chapter 3 The Intersection of Women’s Health and Poverty. In: O'Leary, A., Frew, P. (eds) Poverty in the United States. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43833-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43833-7_3

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