Skip to main content

Screening and Assessment of Trauma in Clinical Populations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Trauma, Resilience, and Health Promotion in LGBT Patients

Abstract

Clinicians should be prepared to screen for and assess trauma in LGBT populations given the prevalence of trauma among these patients. A trauma-informed context (awareness, safety, and autonomy) optimizes these efforts. Specialized screening and assessment considerations are relevant given the unique cultural context experienced by LGBT people, and clinicians can play a crucial role in facilitating resilience in those who have experienced trauma. Clinicians should tailor assessment instruments to evaluate LGBT-specific traumatic and stressful experiences. Healthcare providers should approach LGBT individuals with openness, humility, and a genuine curiosity to understand.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Prins A, et al. The primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31:1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lang AJ, Stein MB. An abbreviated PTSD checklist for use as a screening instrument in primary care. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(5):585–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kimerling R, et al. Brief report: utility of a short screening scale for DSM-IV PTSD in primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(1):65–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Sijbrandij M, et al. Early prognostic screening for posttraumatic stress disorder with the Davidson trauma scale and the SPAN. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(12):1038–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Winston FK, et al. Screening for risk of persistent posttraumatic stress in injured children and their parents. JAMA. 2003;290(5):643–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Briere JN, Scott C. Principles of trauma therapy: a guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bassuk EL, Melnick S, Browne A. Responding to the needs of low-income and homeless women who are survivors of family violence. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1998;53:57–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Trauma-informed care in behavioral health services. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) series 57. HHS publication no. (SMA) 13–4801. Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  9. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. Blake D, et al. A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: the CAPS-1. Behav Ther. 1990;13:187–8.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Foa EB, et al. Psychometric properties of the posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scale interview for DSM–5 (PSSI–5). Psychol Assess. 2015;28:1159–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Weathers F, et al. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). 2013 [2016 Aug 24]. Available from: www.ptsd.va.gov.

  13. Creamer M, Bell R, Failla S. Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale—revised. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(12):1489–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Spoont MR, et al. Does this patient have posttraumatic stress disorder?: Rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314(5):501–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Brady KT, et al. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:22–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Grubaugh AL, et al. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in adults with severe mental illness: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(6):883–99.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Carlson EB, Dalenberg CJ. A conceptual framework for the impact of traumatic experiences. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2000;1(1):4–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Schalinski I, et al. Type and timing of adverse childhood experiences differentially affect severity of PTSD, dissociative and depressive symptoms in adult inpatients. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):295.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Roberts AL, et al. Childhood gender nonconformity: a risk indicator for childhood abuse and posttraumatic stress in youth. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):410–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Association, A.P. Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Am Psychol. 2012;67(1):10–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM, Hasin DS. State-level policies and psychiatric morbidity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(12):2275–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Alessi EJ, Meyer IH, Martin JI. PTSD and sexual orientation: an examination of criterion A1 and non-criterion A1 events. Psychol Trauma. 2013;5(2):149.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. American Psychological Association. Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Am Psychol. 2012;67(1):10–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Shiloh A, Aloha J. Mental health challenges of LGBT forced migrants. Forced Migr Rev. 2013;42:9.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Balsam KF, et al. Measuring multiple minority stress: the LGBT people of color microaggressions scale. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011;17(2):163.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Kann L. Sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and health-related behaviors among students in grades 9–12—United States and selected sites, 2015. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2016;65:1–202.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Committee on Injury, V., and Poison Prevention. Policy statement-role of the pediatrician in youth violence prevention. Pediatrics. 2009;124(1):393–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Felitti VJ, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14(4):245–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Goldbach JT. Measuring stress among diverse adolescents. In development. https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?aid=8931800&icde=32046403&ddparam=&ddvalue=&ddsub=&cr=1&csb=default&cs=ASC.

  30. Mohr JJ, Fassinger RE. Self-acceptance and self-disclosure of sexual orientation in lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: an attachment perspective. J Couns Psychol. 2003;50(4):482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Obergefell v. Hodges, in S. Ct. Supreme Court; 2015. p. 2071.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Van Wagenen A, Driskell J, Bradford J. “I′m still raring to go”: successful aging among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. J Aging Stud. 2013;27(1):1–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Bonet L, Wells BE, Parsons JT. A positive look at a difficult time: a strength based examination of coming out for lesbian and bisexual women. J LBGT Health Res. 2007;3(1):7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lasser J, Tharinger D. Visibility management in school and beyond: a qualitative study of gay, lesbian, bisexual youth. J Adolesc. 2003;26(2):233–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Moradi B, et al. Counseling psychology research on sexual (orientation) minority issues: conceptual and methodological challenges and opportunities. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Savin-Williams RC. Then and now: recruitment, definition, diversity, and positive attributes of same-sex populations. Dev Psychol. 2008;44(1):135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Riggle ED, et al. The positive aspects of being a lesbian or gay man. Prof Psychol. 2008;39(2):210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Wang K, Rendina HJ, Pachankis JE. Looking on the bright side of stigma: how stress-related growth facilitates adaptive coping among gay and bisexual men. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health. 2016;20(4):363–75.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Berger RM. Passing: impact on the quality of same-sex couple relationships. Soc Work. 1990;35(4):328–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. LaSala MC. Gay male couples: the importance of coming out and being out to parents. J Homosex. 2000;39(2):47–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Savin-Williams RC. Mom, Dad. I’m Gay: how families negotiate coming out. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2001.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  42. Vaughan MD, Waehler CA. Coming out growth: conceptualizing and measuring stress-related growth associated with coming out to others as a sexual minority. J Adult Dev. 2010;17(2):94–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian Hurley MD, MBA, DFASAM .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hurley, B., Lin, K., Jani, S.N., Kapila, K. (2017). Screening and Assessment of Trauma in Clinical Populations. In: Eckstrand, K., Potter, J. (eds) Trauma, Resilience, and Health Promotion in LGBT Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54507-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54509-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics