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Antioxidants in Physical Exercise and Sports Performance

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Nutritional Antioxidant Therapies: Treatments and Perspectives

Abstract

Skeletal muscle contraction generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are signaling molecules involved in exercise and force generation. Although ROS levels are maintained at physiological levels by endogenous antioxidants, exercise can alter the oxidant-antioxidant balance in contracting muscles. Regular exercise strengthens the antioxidant defense system via ROS-mediated adaptive responses, while strenuous exercise induces ROS accumulation and oxidative stress. Excess ROS level damages intracellular components and impairs muscle function, potentially limiting physical performance. The manipulation of antioxidant status can restore redox homeostasis and reduce exercise-induced oxidative damages. However, the effectiveness of antioxidant supplementation is unclear due to the complicated and multifaceted roles of ROS in both exercise-induced oxidative injuries and adaptation. The intensity, duration, and types of exercise are also likely to contribute to the effect of ROS in exercise. This chapter provides an updated discussion on ROS and antioxidants in aerobic and anaerobic exercises as well as their multifaceted effects on oxidative balance and physical performance.

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Acknowledgment

We thank David C. Sypert, Davis E. Garrison, Eswar Kandaswamy, Evan R. Prather, and Zewen Liu for their assistance during the preparation of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Li Zuo, Tingyang Zhou & Chia-Chen Chuang

  2. Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Li Zuo, Tingyang Zhou & Chia-Chen Chuang

  3. Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Li Zuo

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  2. Tingyang Zhou
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  3. Chia-Chen Chuang
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Correspondence to Li Zuo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Agricultural Research, Jouy-en-Josas, France

    Kaïs Hussain Al-Gubory

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeut, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

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Zuo, L., Zhou, T., Chuang, CC. (2017). Antioxidants in Physical Exercise and Sports Performance. In: Al-Gubory, K., Laher, I. (eds) Nutritional Antioxidant Therapies: Treatments and Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67625-8_10

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