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Smart Mobility Providing Smart Cities

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Towards a Sustainable Economy

Part of the book series: Sustainability and Innovation ((SUSTAINABILITY))

Abstract

By 2050, 70% of the world’s population will live in or around a city. Cities already generate 70% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. The future of urbanisation will be smart, in which land use is optimised and the transport system is more efficient and environmentally friendly, providing affordable mobility services to ensure well-being in the city.

In a smart city, urban and transport planning should be co-conducted harmoniously in order to create a new transit-supportive city, which is the wider context in which we position our vision of smart mobility. After this we present and analyse the links between the transport system, disruptive innovation, and the role of public policies in change management. In this chapter, we focus on the organisation of the co-conception of smart mobility, in a local territory, defining this as disruptive eco-innovation. The development and diffusion of innovations within the mobility ecosystem significantly disrupt usages and modify market boundaries. Implementation conditions to achieve a widespread adoption of smart mobility are discussed and the role and decision-making methods of territorial actors are considered.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    An urban area in France is a group of contiguous municipalities, with no pockets of clear land, constituted by an urban centre (or urban unit) providing more than 10,000 jobs, and by rural municipalities or urban units (urban periphery) in which at least 40% of the employed resident population works in the centre or in the municipalities attracted by it (French national statistics institute INSEE definition).

  2. 2.

    The INSEE typology uses the following travel motives: home to work or studies, purchasing, personal business, accompaniment, leisure or visits.

  3. 3.

    In France, Agendas 21.

  4. 4.

    The number of inter-municipalities on 1 January 2017 was thus 1263 against 2062 previously, i.e. a fall of 39%.

  5. 5.

    “Départements” and “Régions” in France.

  6. 6.

    In 2010, the contribution of users to financing the public transport network in the Paris region was only 29.7%.

  7. 7.

    We adopt the consensual definition of eco-innovation proposed initially by Kemp and Pearson (2007): “Eco-innovation is the production, application or exploitation of a good, service, production process, organizational structure, or management or business method that is novel to the firm or user and which results, throughout its life cycle, in a reduction of environmental risk, pollution and the negative impacts of resource use (including energy use) compared to relevant alternatives”. See Horbach (2016) for an overview of the eco-innovation literature.

  8. 8.

    The company redefines its technologies, goods and services and does not find a new market: for example Amazon, easyJet, etc.

  9. 9.

    Christensen (1997) speaks of the dilemma of the innovator for whom the disruptive innovations are rarely introduced by the dominant companies in the market.

  10. 10.

    In the meaning of Christensen et al. (2002) for whom innovation corresponds to “the creation of totally new markets and economic models” (p. 22).

  11. 11.

    The authors speak of autonomous innovations when they can be carried out independently of each other.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Genie Industriel, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Isabelle Nicolaï & Rémy Le Boennec

  2. VEDECOM Institute, Versailles, France

    Rémy Le Boennec

Authors
  1. Isabelle Nicolaï
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  2. Rémy Le Boennec
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Correspondence to Isabelle Nicolaï .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecole CentraleSupélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Pascal da Costa

  2. Ecole CentraleSupélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Danielle Attias

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Nicolaï, I., Le Boennec, R. (2018). Smart Mobility Providing Smart Cities. In: da Costa, P., Attias, D. (eds) Towards a Sustainable Economy . Sustainability and Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79060-2_7

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