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Reproductive Biology of Cactaceae

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Abstract

Floral biology in the Cactaceae represents a new field of research, with only 2% of approximately 2,000 species having been studied. Studies on breeding systems cover functional and morphological floral traits of sexual expression, while research on mating (hybridization) systems includes experiments on pollination, morphological and functional floral traits vis-à-vis estimation of out-crossing rates, and inbreeding depression. Most cacti are hermaphroditic with some exceptions of dioecy. Herkogamy and dichogamy seem to be common, and are coupled with self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression as mechanisms to avoid selfing; these traits are important in guiding the evolution of mating (fertilization) systems from mixed to mainly either out-crossing or selfing in all three subfamilies. We found no clear pattern between mating systems and genetic diversity. The impressive variety of fertilization and breeding systems, as well as the genetic diversity within Cactaceae highlights the complex evolution of this family and the plasticity of their reproductive response to the spatially and temporally unpredictable habitats in which they occur. This chapter reviews information on the floral biology, pollinators and genetics of Cactaceae, covering about 70 references: 36% on genetics, 43% on different aspects of pollination ecology, and 21% on diverse subjects with limited descriptions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Francisco Molina-Freaner, Luis Eguiarte, Mariana Rojas-Aréchiga, Judith Márquez and Gisela Aguilar Morales for comments and fruitful discussions on the manuscript, sourcing some obscure results, enthusiasm for floral biology in succulent species, and their friendship. Hugo Altamirano helped with figures and in the search for lost references. Leonardo Guerrero Aguilera drew all the figures depicting flower structures and life forms. The chapter is dedicated to all those who love cacti flowers. This paper was financed partially by CONACYT-SEMARNAT 0350, PAPIIT IN205007 to M.M., and CONACyT CB-62390, CONACyT CB 83790, and BBVA-BIOCON 04–084 to J.G.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Laboratorio de Dinámica de Poblaciones y Evolución de Historias de Vida, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria UNAM, C.P, 04510, México, D.F, México

    María del Carmen Mandujano, Israel Carrillo-Angeles & Concepción Martínez-Peralta

  2. Departamento El Hombre y Su Ambiente-CBS-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Laboratorio de Ecología, Sistemática y Fisiología Vegetal, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, 04960, México, D.F, México

    Jordan Golubov

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  1. María del Carmen Mandujano
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  2. Israel Carrillo-Angeles
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  3. Concepción Martínez-Peralta
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  4. Jordan Golubov
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Correspondence to María del Carmen Mandujano .

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  1. Botany Dept., M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313002, India

    K.G. Ramawat

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Mandujano, M.d.C., Carrillo-Angeles, I., Martínez-Peralta, C., Golubov, J. (2010). Reproductive Biology of Cactaceae. In: Ramawat, K. (eds) Desert Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02550-1_10

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