Abstract
Living organisms are “open” thermodynamic systems (19) that possess an internal structure and thus correspond to a privileged state of organization of matter in both space and time. The question then arises: where does this order come from? From inside the organism, from the outside world, or from both? To simplify, two extreme views can be put forward to account for this higher internal order, placing the emphasis either outside or within the biological system with respect to its relationships with the environment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Benoît, P., and Changeux, J.-P. 1975. Consequences of tenotomy on the evolution of multi-innervation in developing rat soleus muscle. Brain Res. 99: 354–358.
Benoit, P., and Changeux, J.-P. 1978. Consequences of blocking nerve activity on the evolution of multi-innervation in the regenerating neuromuscular junction of the rat. Brain. Res. 149: 89–96.
Berridge, M., and Rapp, P. 1979. A comparative survey of the function, mechanism and control of cellular oscillations. J. Exp. Biol. 81: 217–280.
Bodmer, W., and Cavalli-Sforza, L. 1976. Genetics, evolution and man. San Francisco: W. Freeman.
Changeux, J.-P. 1972. Le Cerveau et l’évènement. Communications 18: 37–47.
Changeux, J.-P. 1980. Genetic determinism and epigenesis of the neuronal network; Is there a compromise between Chomsky and Piaget? In Language and Learning, ed. M. Piattelli, pp. 184–202. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Changeux, J.-P. 1981. The acetylcholine receptor: an allosteric membrane protein. Harvey Lect. 75: 85–254.
Changeux, J.-P. 1983. Concluding remarks: about the “singularity” of nerve cells and its ontogenesis. Progr. Brain Res. 58: 465–478.
Changeux, J.-P. 1983. L’Homme neuronal. Paris: Fayard.
Changeux, J.-P.; Courrège, P.; and Danchin, A. 1973. A theory of the epigenesis of neural networks by selective stabilization of synapses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 2974–2978.
Changeux, J.-P., and Danchin, A. 1974. Apprendre par stabilisation sélective de synapses en cours de développement. In L’unité de l’homme, eds. E. Morin and M. Piatteli, pp. 320–357. Paris: Le Seuil.
Changeux, J.-P., and Danchin, A. 1976. Selective stabilization of developing synapses as a mechanism for the specification of neuronal networks. Nature 264: 705–712.
Chaudhari, N., and Hahn, W. 1983. Genetic expression in the developing brain. Science 220: 924–928.
Crick, F., and Mitchison, G. 1983. The function of dream sleep. Nature 304: 111–114.
Devillers-Thierry, A.; Giraudat, J.; Bentaboulet, M.; Changeux, J.-P. 1983. Complete mRNA coding sequences of the acetylcholine binding a -subunit of Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor: A model for the transmembrane organization of the polypeptide chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 2067–2071.
Edelman, G. 1978. The Mindful Brain. Cortical Organization and the Group-selective Theory of Higher Brain Functions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Edelman, G. 1981. Group selection as the basis for higher brain function. In The Organization of the Cerebral Cortex, eds. F. Schmitt et al. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Edelman, G., and Finkel, L. 1984. Neuronal group selection in the cerebral cortex. In Dynamic Aspects of Neocortical Function, eds. G. Edelman et al. New York: John Wiley, in press.
Glansdorff, P., and Prigogine, I. 1971. Structure, stabilité et fluctuations. Paris: Masson.
Gouzé, J.-L.; Lasry, J.-M.; and Changeux, J.-P. 1983. Selective stabilization of muscle innervation during development: a mathematical model. Biol. Cybern. 46: 207–215.
Greene, P. 1962. On looking for neuronal networks and “cell assemblies” that underlie behavior. Bull. Math. Biophys. 24: 247–275; 395–411.
Grossberg, S. 1980. How does the brain build a cognitive code? Psych. Rev. 87: 1–51.
Hebb, D. 1949. The Organization of Behavior. New York: Wiley.
Heidmann, T., and Changeux, J.-P. 1982. Un modèle moléculaire de régulation d’efficacité au niveau postsynaptique d’une synapse chimique. C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 295: 665–670.
Heidmann, T.; Oswald, R.; and Changeux, J.-P. 1983. Multiple sites of action for non competitive blockers on acetylcholine receptor rich membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata. Biochemistry 22: 3112–3127.
Henderson, C.E.; Huchet, M.; and Changeux, J.-P. 1981. Neurite outgrowth from embryonic chicken spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 2625–2629.
Henderson, C.E.; Huchet, M.; and Changeux, J.-P. 1983. Denervation increases the neurite-promoting activity in extracts of skeletal muscle. Nature 302: 609–611.
Hopfield, J. 1982. Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 2554–2558.
Hubel, P., and Wiesel, T. 1977. Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex. Ferrier Lecture. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 198: 1–59.
Hunter, W.S. 1913. The delayed reaction in animals. Behay. Monogr. 2: 6.
James, W. 1909. Précis de psychologie. Paris: Marcel Rivière.
Jerne, N. 1967. Antibodies and learning: selection versus instruction. In The Neurosciences, eds. G. Quarton et al., pp. 200–205. New York: Rockefeller University Press.
Jouvet, M. 1974. Neurobiologie de rêve. In L’Unité de l’Homme, eds. E. Morin and M. Piattelli, pp. 354–392. Paris: Ed. Le Seuil.
Kandel, E. 1979. Cellular insights into behavior and learning. Harvey Lect. 73: 19–92.
Katz, B. 1966. Nerve Muscle and Synapse. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kosslyn, S. 1980. Images and Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Krebs, G., and Beavo, J. 1979. Phosphorylation, dephosphorylation of enzymes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 48: 923–960.
Lamouroux, A.; Biguet, N.; Samolyk, D.; Privat, A.; Salomon, J.- C.; Pujol, F.; and Mallet, J. 1982. Identification of cDNA clones coding for rat tyrosine hydroxylase antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 3881–3885.
Leder, P. 1981. The genetics of antibody diversity. Sci. Am. 246 No. 5: 72–83.
Levinthal, F.; Macagno, E.; and Levinthal, C. 1976. Anatomy and development of identified cells in isogenic organisms. Cold Spring Harbor. Symp. Quant. Biol. 40: 321–331.
Little, W. 1974. Existence of persistent states in the brain. Math. Biosci. 19: 101–120.
Little, W., and Shaw, G. 1975. A statistical theory of short and long term memory. Behay. Biol. 14: 115.
Little, W., and Shaw, G. 1978. Analytic study of the memory storage capacity of neural network. Math. Biosci. 39: 281–290.
Loeb, J. 1900. Comparative Physiology of the Brain and Comparative Psychology. New York: Putnam.
Mariani, J. 1983. Elimination of synapses during the development of the central nervous system. Progr. Brain Res. 58: 383–392.
Neisser, U. 1976. Cognition and reality. San Francisco: Freeman.
Noda, M.; Takahashi, H.; Tanabe, T.; Toyosato, M.; Kikyotani, S.; Furutani, Y.; Horose, T.; Takashima, H.; Inayama, S.; Miyata, T.; and Numa, S. 1983. Structural homology of Torpedo californica AchR subunits. Nature 302: 528–532.
Peretto, P. 1983. Collective properties of neural networks: a statistical physics approach. Biol. Cybern., in press.
Purves, D., and Lichtman, J. 1980. Elimination of synapses in the developing nervous system. Science 210: 158–157.
Shepard, R. 1975. Form, formation and transformation of internal representations. In Information Processing and Cognition, ed. R. Solso. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Shepard, R. 1984. Ecological constraints on internal representation. Third J. Gibson Memorial Lecture, Cornell University, in press.
Stent, G. 1973. A physiological mechanism for Hebb’s postulate of learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 997–1001.
Thom, R. 1968. Topologie et signification in “l’Age de la Science” n° 4. In Modèles mathématiques de la morphogénèse, ed. R. Thom. Paris: Bourgeois.
Thom, R. 1980. Modèles mathématiques de la morphogénèse. Paris: Bourgeois.
Tolman, E.C. 1948. Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychol. Rev. 55: 189–208.
Urbain. 1981. Le réseau immuniaire. La Recherche 126: 1056–1066.
Von der Malsburg, C. 1981. The correlation theory of brain function. Internal report 81–2, July 1981. Göttingen: Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry.
Young, J.Z. 1973. Memory as a selective process. Australian Academy of Science Report: Symposium on Biological Memory, pp. 25–45.
Note: For references before 1900, see: Bercherie, P. 1983. Génèse des concepts freudiens. Paris: Navarin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Berlin, Heildelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Changeux, JP., Heidmann, T., Patte, P. (1984). Learning by Selection. In: Marler, P., Terrace, H.S. (eds) The Biology of Learning. Dahlem Workshop Reports, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70094-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70094-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-70096-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70094-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive