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Il sistema nervoso centrale

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Riassunto

Il sistema nervoso centrale negli umani e in altri vertebrati deriva dalla placca neurale, una zona paramediana ispessita e allungata dello strato germinale esterno, o ectoderma (Fig. 2.1 A, E). L’ectoderma, lungo i margini laterali della placca neurale, forma bilateralmente una struttura nastriforme, la cresta neurale primitiva, che divide l’ectoderma neurale primitivo dall’ectoderma primitivo generale somatico. Con la crescita della placca neurale, i suoi margini laterali si sollevano a formare le pieghe neurali, mentre la sua regione mediana si insolca a formare la doccia neurale (Fig. 2.1 B, F). Nelle successive fasi dello sviluppo, la doccia neurale si approfonda e le pieghe neurali si avvicinano l’una all’altra sino a fondersi sulla linea mediana, dando origine al tubo neurale. Va notato che, come i lembi della doccia neurale si avvicinano, trascinano con essi l’adiacente ectoderma generale somatico primitivo e che, a processo di fusione completato, sul piano mediano si fonde non solo l’ectoderma neurale, ma anche l’ectoderma somatico.

Superfici dorsali di ricostruzioni di embrioni umani. A Stadio presomite; l’estensione approssimativa della placca neurale è segnata dalla linea tratteggiata; B Stadio dei sei primi somiti e della doccia neurale; C Embrione allo stadio di sette somiti; D Embrione allo stadio di 10 somiti. Adattato da Noback e Demarest [139]. E–H Sezioni trasverse schematiche condotte lungo l’abbozzo del SNC degli embrioni rappresentati in A–D. La linea orizzontale indica il livello a cui sono state condotte le sezioni

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  1. The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rudolf Nieuwenhuys M.D., PH.D. (Professor emeritus of Neuroanatomy)

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Jan Voogd M.D., PH.D. (Professor emeritus of Anatomy)

  3. Laboratorio di Morfologia delle Reti Neuronali Responsabile Servizio Imaging - Centro Grandi Attrezzature Dipartimento di Medicina Pubblica Clinica e Preventiva, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli

    Michele Papa

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Nieuwenhuys, R., Voogd, J., van Huijzen, C., Papa, M. (2010). Sviluppo. In: Il sistema nervoso centrale. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1140-3_2

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