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Metallotolerant Bacteria: Insights into Bacteria Thriving in Metal-Contaminated Areas

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Microbial Versatility in Varied Environments

Abstract

The overall condition of the environment is inevitably linked to nature of life on the Earth. However, due to industrial revolution, the global upsurge of accumulation of toxic metals has increased enormously which is posing a serious problem to human health. In such environment, where survival of indigenous microorganisms is difficult, metallotolerant bacteria are able to thrive by tolerating high levels of heavy metals. To cope with this extreme condition, they employ diverse mechanisms to overcome the toxic effects of metals and metalloids with alteration of different genes and proteins, and these mechanisms also help their possible commercial exploitation. Hence, it is essential to understand their unique metabolic capacity or physical structure which encourages thriving in these metal-rich environments. This chapter also sheds light on evolutionary strategies that facilitate the metallotolerant bacteria to adapt to the environment and associated ecophysiological aspects.

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Abbreviations

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

catalase

CDF:

cation diffusion facilitators

EPS:

exopolysaccharide

FT-IR:

Fourier-transform infrared

GC-MS:

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GST:

glutathione S-transferase

HGT:

horizontal gene transfer

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

LC-MS:

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

MFP:

membrane fusion protein

MIP:

major intrinsic protein

MTs:

metallothioneins

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

NTPs:

nucleoside triphosphates

OMF:

outer membrane factors

PGPB:

plant growth-promoting bacteria

PMF:

proton motive force

POD:

peroxidase

RND:

resistance-nodulation-cell division

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SRB:

sulfur-reducing bacteria

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the DBT-RA Program in Biotechnology and Life Sciences is gratefully acknowledged by DB. KB gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, New Delhi (Sanction No. PDF/2017/002174).

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Barman, D., Jha, D.K., Bhattacharjee, K. (2020). Metallotolerant Bacteria: Insights into Bacteria Thriving in Metal-Contaminated Areas. In: Singh, R., Manchanda, G., Maurya, I., Wei, Y. (eds) Microbial Versatility in Varied Environments. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3028-9_9

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