Skip to main content

CFD Applications for Drug Delivery

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical and Biomedical Engineering in the Human Nose

Abstract

This chapter provides the latest research trends in applications of CFD for investigating nasal drug delivery. Contributions include research and outcomes from the regulatory body, US Food Drug Administration on recent projects. Additionally, the chapter showcases the application of multiphase flow for capturing nasal spray drug delivery for improving olfactory targeting for nose-to-brain drug delivery, and nasal irrigation targeting the sinuses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Nasal Aerosols and Nasal Sprays for Local Action (2003). https://www.fda.gov/media/70867/download. Accessed 12 Aug. 2009

  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Product-Specific Guidances for Generic Drug Development (2019). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/guidances-drugs/product-specific-guidances-generic-drug-development. Accessed 10 Sep. 2019

  3. Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, Pub. L. No. 112–144, Title iii

    Google Scholar 

  4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. GDUFA II Commitment Letter

    Google Scholar 

  5. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Science & Research

    Google Scholar 

  6. M. Andersen, R. Sarangapani, R. Gentry, H. Clewell, T. Covington, C. Frederick, Application of a hybrid CFD-PBPK nasal dosimetry model in an inhalation risk assessment: an example with acrylic acid. Toxicol. Sci. 57(2), 312–325 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B.S. Bleier, I. Debnath, R.J. Harvey, R.J. Schlosser, Temporospatial quantification of fluorescein-labeled sinonasal irrigation delivery. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 1(5), 361–5 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Bush, C. Frederick, J. Kimbell, J. Ultman, A CFD-PBPK hybrid model for simulating gas and vapor uptake in the rat nose. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 150(1), 133–145 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Campbell, M. Andersen, H. Clewell, A hybrid CFD-PBPK model for naphthalene in rat and human with ivive for nasal tissue metabolism and cross-species dosimetry. Inhal. Toxicol. 26(6), 333–344 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. X. Chen, S. Feng, L. Chang, X. Lai, X. Chen, X. Li, G. Zhang, The effects of nasal irrigation with various solutions after endoscopic sinus surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Laryngol. Otol. 132(8), 673–679 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Cheng, T. Holmes, J. Gao, R. Guilmette, S. Li, Y. Surakitbanharn, C. Rowlings, Characterization of nasal spray pumps and deposition pattern in a replica of the human nasal airway. J. Aerosol Med. 14(2), 267–280 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. L.Y. Chong, K. Head, C. Hopkins, C. Philpott, S. Glew, G. Scadding, M.J. Burton, A.G. Schilder, Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4, CD011995 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. Corley, K. Minard, S. Kabilan, D. Epstein, A. Kuprat, J. Harkema, J. Kimbell, M. Gargas, J. Kinzell, Magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of rabbit nasal airflows for the development of hybrid CFD/PBPK models. Inhal. Toxicol. 21(6), 512–518 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R.A. Corley, S. Kabilan, A.P. Kuprat, J.P. Carson, K.R. Minard, R.E. Jacob, C. Timchalk, R. Glenny, S. Pipavath, T. Cox, C.D. Wallis, R.F. Larson, M.V. Fanucchi, E.M. Postlethwait, D.R. Einstein, Comparative computational modeling of airflows and vapor dosimetry in the respiratory tracts of rat, monkey, and human. Toxicol. Sci. 128(2), 500–516 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. J.R. Craig, J.N. Palmer, K. Zhao, Computational fluid dynamic modeling of nose-to-ceiling head positioning for sphenoid sinus irrigation. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 7(5), 474–479 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.R. Craig, K. Zhao, N. Doan, S. Khalili, J.Y. Lee, N.D. Adappa, J.N. Palmer, Cadaveric validation study of computational fluid dynamics model of sinus irrigations before and after sinus surgery. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 6(4), 423–8 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Dayal, M. Shaik, M. Singh, Evaluation of different parameters that affect droplet-size distribution from nasal sprays using the malvern spraytec. J. Pharm. Sci. 93(7), 1725–1742 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S.H. De Paiva Leite, R.G. Douglas, How does sinus surgery affect topical irrigation distribution? Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 26(1), 21–26 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. R. Eccles, Nasal airflow in health and disease. Acta Otolaryngol. 120(5), 580–95 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. FDA, Predictive lung deposition models for safety and efficacy of orally inhaled drug products (Worth Longest, P), in Generic Drug User Fee Amendments Grant 1U01FD004570 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. FDA, Development of hybrid CFD-PBPK models for absorption of intranasal corticosteroids (Schroeter, J), in Generic Drug User Fee Amendments Grant 1U01FD005201 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  22. FDA, Evaluating relationships between in vitro nasal spray characterization test metrics for bioequivalence and nasal deposition in silico and in vitro (Golshahi, L). HHSF223201810144C (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. FDA, Nasal mucociliary clearance affecting local drug-absorption in subject-specific geometries (Kleinstreuer, C), in Generic Drug User Fee Amendments Grant 1U01FD006537 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. Foo, Y. Cheng, W. Su, M. Donovan, The influence of spray properties on intranasal deposition. J. Aerosol Med. 20)(4), 495–508 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  25. C. Frederick, P. Gentry, M. Bush, L. Lomax, K. Black, L. Finch, J. Kimbell, K. Morgan, R. Subramaniam, J. Morris, J. Ultman, A hybrid computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for comparison of predicted tissue concentrations of acrylic acid and other vapors in the rat and human nasal cavities following inhalation exposure. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(5), 359–376 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. M.C. Fung, K. Inthavong, W. Yang, J. Tu, CFD modeling of spray atomization for a nasal spray device. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 46(11), 1219–1226 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Grobler, E.K. Weitzel, A. Buele, C. Jardeleza, Y.C. Cheong, J. Field, P.J. Wormald, Pre- and postoperative sinus penetration of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 118(11), 2078–81 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. L. Hanson, W. Frey, Strategies for intranasal delivery of therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of neuroaids. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2(1), 81–86 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Head, K. Snidvongs, S. Glew, G. Scadding, A.G. Schilder, C. Philpott, C. Hopkins, Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 6, CD012597 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.D. Hoekman, R.J.Y. Ho, Effects of localized hydrophilic mannitol and hydrophobic nelfinavir administration targeted to olfactory epithelium on brain distribution. AAPS Pharmscitech. 12(2), 534–543 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J.D. Hoekman, R.J.Y. Ho, Effects of localized hydrophilic mannitol and hydrophobic nelfinavir administration targeted to olfactory epithelium on brain distribution. AAPS Pharmscitech. 12(2), 534–543 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Inthavong, M.C. Fung, W. Yang, J. Tu, Measurements of droplet size distribution and analysis of nasal spray atomization from different actuation pressure. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm Drug Delivery 28(1), 59–67(2014)

    Google Scholar 

  33. J.D. Schroeter, D. Stricklin, J.S. Kimbell, R.R. Delvadia, X. Zhang, A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model framework to estimate systemic bioavailability of fluticasone propionate nasal spray, in Respiratory Drug Delivery, April 17–21, Scottsdale, AZ, USA (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  34. J.D. Schroeter, J.S. Kimbell, B. Saluja, R.R. Delvadia, E.L. Vallorz, P. Sheth, The impact of actuation force on droplet size distribution and spray duration of three commercially available nasal sprays, in Respiratory Drug Delivery, April 17–21, Scottsdale, AZ, USA (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. Jo, S. Chung, Y. Na, Numerical study of the effect of the nasal cycle on unilateral nasal resistance. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 219, 58–68 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. J.T. Kelly, B. Asgharian, J.S. Kimbell, B.A. Wong, Particle deposition in human nasal airway replicas manufactured by different methods. Part I: Inertial regime particles. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 38, 1063–1071 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  37. J.S. Kimbell, J.D. Schroeter, P. Sheth, G. Tian, R.R. Delvadia, B. Saluja, R. Walenga, Effect of actuation force on simulated regional nasal spray deposition in a healthy nasal cavity. Respiratory Drug Delivery, April 17–21, Scottsdale, AZ, USA (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Kimbell, J. Schroeter, G. Tian, R. Walenga, A. Babiskin, R. Delvadia, Estimating size-specific numbers of active pharmaceutical ingredient particles in the regional deposition of a nasal spray. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 30(3), 18–19 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  39. J.S. Kimbell, R.A. Segal, B. Asgharian, B.A. Wong, J.D. Schroeter, J.P. Southall, C.J. Dickens, G. Brace, F.J. Miller, Characterization of deposition from nasal spray devices using a computational fluid dynamics model of the human nasal passages. J. Aerosol Med. 20(1), 59–74 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Kimbell, R. Subramaniam, Use of computational fluid dynamics models for dosimetry of inhaled gases in the nasal passages. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(5), 325–334 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. D. King, B. Mitchell, C.P. Williams, G.K. Spurling, Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4, CD006821 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  42. B. Li, F. Jin, S. Lee, T. Bai, B. Chowdhury, H. Caramenico, D. Conner, Bioequivalence for locally acting nasal spray and nasal aerosol products: standard development and generic approval. AAPS J. 15(3), 875–883 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. X. Liu, W.H. Doub, C. Guo, Evaluation of droplet velocity and size from nasal spray devices using phase doppler anemometry (pda). Int. J. Pharm. 388, 82–87 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. A. Mistry, S. Stolnik, L. Illum, Nanoparticles for direct nose-to-brain delivery of drugs. Int. J. Pharm. 379(1), 146–157 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. S.P. Newman, F. Moren, S.W. Clarke, Deposition pattern of nasal sprays in man. Rhinology 26, 111–120 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  46. R. Patel, G. Garcia, D. Frank-Ito, J. Kimbell, J. Rhee, Simulating the nasal cycle with computational fluid dynamics. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 152(2), 353–60 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. N. Principi, S. Esposito, Nasal irrigation: an imprecisely defined medical procedure. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, 5 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Rygg, M. Hindle, P. Longest, Absorption and clearance of pharmaceutical aerosols in the human nose: effects of nasal spray suspension particle size and properties. Pharm. Res. 33(4), 909–921 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Rygg, M. Hindle, P. Longest, Linking suspension nasal spray drug deposition patterns to pharmacokinetic profiles: a proof-of-concept study using computational fluid dynamics. J. Pharm. Sci. 105(6), 1995–2004 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Rygg, P. Longest, Absorption and clearance of pharmaceutical aerosols in the human nose: development of a CFD model. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 29(5), 416–431 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. S. Gizurarson, Method for administration of active substances to the olfactory region. in.: Patents ca 2298596

    Google Scholar 

  52. Salati, H., Investigation Into Nasal Saline Irrigation Within a Healthy Human Nose. Thesis (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  53. B. Saluja, B. Li, S. Lee, Bioequivalence for Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products (Springer, New York, 2014), pp. 369–394

    Google Scholar 

  54. J. Schroeter, J. Kimbell, R. Walenga, A. Babiskin, R. Delvadia, A CFD-PBPK model to simulate nasal absorption and systemic bioavailability of intranasal fluticasone propionate. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 30(3), 13–14 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  55. P.K. Senecal, D.P. Schmidt, I. Nouar, C.J. Rutland, R.D. Reitz, M.L. Corradini, Modeling high-speed viscous liquid sheet atomization. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 25(6–7), 1073–1097 (1999)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. X. Si, J. Xi, J. Kim, Y. Zhou, H. Zhong, Modeling of release position and ventilation effects on olfactory aerosol drug delivery. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 186(1), 22–32 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. K. Snidvongs, P. Chaowanapanja, S. Aeumjaturapat, S. Chusakul, P. Praweswararat, Does nasal irrigation enter paranasal sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis? Am. J. Rhinol. 22, 483–86 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. J.D. Suman, B.L. Laube, T. Lin, G. Brouet, R. Dalby, Validity of in vitro tests on aqueous spray pumps as surrogates for nasal deposition. Pharm. Res. 19(1), 1–6, Springer (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  59. W.W. Thomas, R.J. Harvey, L. Rudmik, P.H. Hwang, R.J. Schlosser, Distribution of topical agents to the paranasal sinuses: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 3(9), 691–703 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. Tu, K. Inthavong, G. Ahmad, Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System (Springer, Berlin, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. Wang, J. Bentz, R. Anderson, Nasal device for delivery to the olfactory region

    Google Scholar 

  62. D. White, A. Al-Jumaily, J. Bartley, J. Lu, Correlation of nasal morphology to air-conditioning and clearance function. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 179(2–3), 137–41 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. P. Wormald, T. Cain, L. Oates, L. Hawke, I. Wong, A comparative study of three methods of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 114(2), 2224–7 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Xi, A. Berlinski, Y. Zhou, B. Greenberg, X. Ou, Breathing resistance and ultrafine particle deposition in nasal-laryngeal airways of a newborn, an infant, a child, and an adult. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 40(12), 2579–2595 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. J. Xi, J. Kim, X.A. Si, R.A. Corley, Y. Zhou, Modeling of inertial depositions in scaled models of rat and human nasal airways: towards in vitro regional dosimetry in small animals. J. Aerosol Sci. 99, 78–93 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. J. Xi, P.W. Longest, Characterization of submicrometer aerosol deposition in extrathoracic airways during nasal exhalation. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 43(8), 808–827 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. J. Xi, X. Si, W. Longest, Electrostatic charge effects on pharmaceutical aerosol deposition in human Nasal–Laryngeal airways. Pharmaceutics 6(1), 26–35 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  68. J. Xi, X.A. Si, J. Kim, Y. Zhang, R.E. Jacob, S. Kabilan, R.A. Corley, Anatomical details of the rabbit nasal passages and their implications in breathing, air conditioning, and olfaction. Anat. Rec. 299(7), 853–868 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. J. Xi, J. Yuan, M. Alshaiba, D. Cheng, Z. Firlit, A. Johnson, A. Nolan, W. Su, Design and testing of electric-guided delivery of charged particles to the olfactory region: experimental and numerical studies. Curr. Drug Deliv. 10 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. Xi, J.E. Yuan, Y. Zhang, D. Nevorski, Z. Wang, Y. Zhou, Visualization and quantification of nasal and olfactory deposition in a sectional adult nasal airway cast. Pharm. Res. 33(6), 1527–41 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. J. Xi, Z. Zhang, X. Si, Improving intranasal delivery of neurological nanomedicine to the olfactory region using magnetophoretic guidance of microsphere carriers. Int. J. Nanomed. 10, 1211–1222 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. J. Xi, Z. Zhang, X.A. Si, J. Yang, W. Deng, Optimization of magnetophoretic-guided drug delivery to the olfactory region in a human nose model. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 15(4), 877–891 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Y. Zhang, Y. Shang, K. Inthavong, Z. Tong, B. Sun, K. Zhu, A. Yu, G. Zheng, Computational investigation of dust mite allergens in a realistic human nasal cavity. Inhal. Toxicol. 31(6), 224–235 (2019). PMID: 31431101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. K. Zhao, J. Craig, N. Cohen, N. Adappa, S. Khalili, J. Palmer, Sinus irrigations before and after surgery - visualization through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Laryngoscope 126(3), E90–E96 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. K. Zhao, P. Dalton, The way the wind blows: implications of modeling nasal airflow. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 7(2), 117–25

    Google Scholar 

  76. Y. Zhou, M. Guo, J. Xi, H. Irshad, Y.-S. Cheng, Nasal deposition in infants and children. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 27(2), 110–116 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Y. Zhou, J. Xi, J. Simpson, H. Irshad, Y.-S. Cheng, Aerosol deposition in a nasopharyngolaryngeal replica of a 5-year-old child. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 47(3), 275–282 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kendra Shrestha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shrestha, K. et al. (2021). CFD Applications for Drug Delivery. In: Inthavong, K., Singh, N., Wong, E., Tu, J. (eds) Clinical and Biomedical Engineering in the Human Nose. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6716-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6716-2_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6715-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6716-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics