Abstract
As the young Christina Rossetti sent her first poems to the magazines from the Rossetti family home in Upper Albany Street, Florence and Adelaide Claxton, two aspiring visual artists in their late teens, returned with their parents from a long stay abroad to their house in North Kensington. From 1850 to 1858, they had been travelling in Australia, India and Ceylon, where their father, historical painter Marshall Claxton, had hoped to find a market for his paintings. The experience left an indelible mark on his daughters. Not only did they both take up orientalist themes in their work but, more importantly, they grew up to be astute observers of their own society and culture. And they were made aware at an early age of the difficulties of finding profitable artistic employment.
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Notes
Pamela Gerrish Nunn, ‘Look Homeward Angel: Marshall Claxton’s Emigrant’, Art Bulletin of Victoria 32 (1991), 8.
Eleanor C. Clayton, English Female Artists, vol. 2 (London: Tinsley, 1876 ), 44.
Henry Treffry Dunn, Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and His Circle, or Cheyne Walk Life, ed. Gale Pedrick (London: Elkin Mathews, 1904 ), 14.
Deborah Cherry, Beyond the Frame: Feminism and Visual Culture, Britain 1850–1900 ( London: Routledge, 2000 ), 22–23.
Katy Deepwell, ‘A History of the Society of Women Artists’, The Society of Women Artists Exhibitors, 1855–1996, vol. 1, ed. Charles Baile de Laperrière (Calne: Hilmarton Manor Press, 1996), xvii.
Deborah Cherry, ‘Women Artists and the Politics of Feminism 1850–1900’, Women in the Victorian Art World, ed. Clarissa Campbell Orr ( Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995 ), 54.
Pamela Gerrish Nunn, Victorian Women Artists ( London: Women’s Press, 1987 ), 69.
See, for example, Rebecca Solomon, ‘Spending a Sou’, Illustrated London News (4 December 1858), 517
Rebecca Solomon, ‘The Friend in Need’, Illustrated London News (23 April 1859), 400
Elizabeth Murray, ‘Pifferari Playing to the Virgin—Scene in Rome’, Illustrated London News (26 March 1859), 305
Margaret Backhouse, ‘Children Minding Their Mother’s Stall—The Fish Market’, Illustrated London News (26 March 1859), 308
Kate Swift, ‘Cross-Purposes’, Illustrated London News (17 March 1860), 265.
Adelaide Burgess, ‘Old Brocades, the Sack of Aunt Tabitha’s Wardrobe’, Lady’s Newspaper (5 March 1859), 157
Sarah F. Hewett, ‘Hop-Picking at Sevenoaks, Kent’, Lady’s Newspaper (30 April 1859 ), 273.
Florence Claxton, ‘“Miserable Sinners” of Christchurch, Oxford’, Illustrated Times (18 December 1858), 408.
Stanton Wiltshire Austin [as V. D.], ‘“Miserable Sinners” of Christchurch, Oxford’, Illustrated Times (18 December 1858 ), 407.
Adelaide Claxton, ‘The Course at Calcutta’, Illustrated Times (30 July 1859), 2.
M. H. Spielmann, The History of ‘Punch’ (New York: Cassell, 1895 ), 502, 529.
Catherine Flood, ‘Contrary to the Habits of their Sex? Women Drawing on Wood and the Careers of Florence and Adelaide Claxton’, Crafting the Woman Professional in the Long Nineteenth Century: Artistry and Industry in Britain, ed. Kyriaki Hadjiafxendi and Patricia Zakreski ( Farnham: Ashgate, 2013 ), 108.
Florence Claxton, ‘Utopian Christmas’, London Illustrated News Christmas Supplement (24 December 1859), 602.
Florence Claxton, ‘England and Australia. Daughters Here. Sons There’, Illustrated Times (25 April 1863), 297.
Florence Claxton, ‘England versus Australia. Needlewomen here. A Modiste There’, Illustrated Times (13 June 1863), 404.
Florence Claxton, ‘England versus Australia. Partners Here. Partners There’, Illustrated Times (5 December 1863), 361
Florence Claxton, ‘England versus Australia. A Spinster Here. A Bachelor There’, Illustrated Times (16 January 1864), 45.
Florence Claxton, ‘Christmas in Leap Year’, London Illustrated News Christmas Supplement (22 December 1860), 606.
Florence Claxton, ‘England versus Australia. Governesses Here. Want of Governesses There’, Illustrated Times (6 June 1863), 393. The two remaining pairs, ‘Servants Here. Servants There’ and ‘Dress Circles Here. Dress Circles There’, appeared in the Illustrated Times for 19 September 1863 and 26 December 1863 respectively.
Richard D. Altick, The Presence of the Present: Topics of the Day in the Victorian Novel ( Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1991 ), 377.
Cherry, Beyond the Frame, 26; Griselda Pollock, Differencing the Canon: Feminist Desire and the Writing of Art’s Histories ( London: Routledge, 1999 ), 218.
Charles Fairbanks, Aguecheek ( Boston: Shepard, Clark, and Brown, 1859 ), 27.
See Martin Hewitt, The Dawn of the Cheap Press in Victorian Britain: The End of the ‘Taxes on Knowledge’, 1849–1869 ( London: Bloomsbury, 2014 ), 102–103.
Malcolm Warner, Anne Helmreich and Charles Brock, The Victorians: British Painting, 1837–1901 ( Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1996 ), 109
Charles Baile de Laperrière, The Society of Women Artists Exhibitors, 1855–1996, vol. 1 ( Calne: Hilmarton Manor Press, 1996 ), 240.
Adelaide Claxton, Brainy Odds and Ends (London: A. Claxton, 1900), advertisement on back cover.
See Anne Anderson, ‘The China Painter: Amateur Celebrities and Professional Stars at Howell and James’s “Royal Academy of China Painting”’, Crafting the Woman Professional in the Long Nineteenth Century: Artistry and Industry in Britain, ed. Kyriaki Hadjiafxendi and Patricia Zakreski ( Farnham: Ashgate, 2013 ), 123–144.
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© 2015 Marianne Van Remoortel
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Van Remoortel, M. (2015). The Fine Art of Satire: Florence and Adelaide Claxton and the Magazines. In: Women, Work and the Victorian Periodical. Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137435996_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137435996_6
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