Definition
Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are performance-based assessments designed to determine current capacity to perform activities while considering the individual’s body structures and functions, environmental and personal factors, and health status (Soer et al. 2008a). FCEs are used in occupational, insurance, and rehabilitation medicine to inform determinations of work readiness. Various FCE protocols are used and may differ in purpose, but typically the evaluations play a role in facilitating work reintegration. FCEs involve medical and work history, questionnaires, physical examination, and a series of assessment items including manual handling (lifting and carrying), position tolerance testing, and mobility and coordination tests. To make return-to-work decisions, clinicians compare demonstrated capacity to required job demands. A patient whose capacity meets or exceeds job demands is deemed suitable for sustainable performance of those tasks at the workplace. If...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References and Further Readings
Asante, A. K., Brintnell, E. S., & Gross, D. P. (2007). Functional self-efficacy beliefs influence functional capacity evaluation. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 17, 73–82.
Branton, E. N., Arnold, K. M., Appelt, S. R., Hodges, M. M., Battie, M. C., & Gross, D. P. (2010). A short-form functional capacity evaluation predicts time to recovery but not sustained return-to-work. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 20, 387–93.
Durand, M. J., Brassard, B., Hong, Q. N., Lemaire, J., & Loisel, P. (2008). Responsiveness of the physical work performance evaluation, a functional capacity evaluation, in patients with low back pain. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 18, 58–67.
Edelaar, M. J., Gross, D. P., James, C. L., & Reneman, M. F. (2017). Functional Capacity Evaluation Research: Report from the third international functional capacity evaluation research meeting. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.
Genovese, E., & Galper, J. S. (2009). American Medical Association. Guide to the evaluation of functional ability : How to request, interpret, and apply functional capacity evaluations. Chicago: American Medical Association.
Gibson, L., & Strong, J. (1998). Assessment of psychosocial factors in functional capacity evaluation of clients with chronic back pain. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 399–404.
Gouttebarge, V., Wind, H., Kuijer, P. P., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2004). Reliability and validity of functional capacity evaluation methods: A systematic review with reference to Blankenship system, Ergos work simulator, Ergo-Kit and Isernhagen work system. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 77, 527–537.
Gouttebarge, V., Kuijer, P. P., Wind, H., van Duivenbooden, C., Sluiter, J. K., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2009). Criterion-related validity of functional capacity evaluation lifting tests on future work disability risk and return to work in the construction industry. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66, 657–663.
Gouttebarge, V., Wind, H., Kuijer, P. P., Sluiter, J. K., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2010). How to assess physical work-ability with Functional Capacity Evaluation methods in a more specific and efficient way? Work, 37, 111–115.
Gross, D. P. (2004). Measurement properties of performance-based assessment of functional capacity. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 14, 165–174.
Gross, D. P. (2006). Are functional capacity evaluations affected by the patient's pain? Current Pain and Headache Reports, 10, 107–113.
Gross, D. P., & Battie, M. C. (2003). Construct validity of a kinesiophysical functional capacity evaluation administered within a worker's compensation environment. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 13, 287–295.
Gross, D. P., & Battie, M. C. (2005). Factors influencing results of functional capacity evaluations in workers' compensation claimants with low back pain. Physical Therapy, 85, 315–322.
Gross, D. P., Battie, M. C., & Cassidy, J. D. (2004). The prognostic value of functional capacity evaluation in patients with chronic low back pain: part 1: timely return to work. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 29, 914–919.
Gross, D. P., Battie, M. C., & Asante, A. (2006). Development and validation of a short-form functional capacity evaluation for use in claimants with low back disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 16, 53–62.
Gross, D. P., Battie, M. C., & Asante, A. K. (2007). Evaluation of a short-form functional capacity evaluation: less may be best. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 17, 422–435.
Gross, D. P., Asante, A. K., Miciak, M., et al. (2014a). Are performance-based functional assessments superior to semistructured interviews for enhancing return-to-work outcomes? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95, 807–815. e1.
Gross, D. P., Asante, A. K., Miciak, M., et al. (2014b). A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing functional capacity evaluation and functional interviewing as components of occupational rehabilitation programs. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 24, 617–630.
Jay, M. A., Lamb, J. M., Watson, R. L., et al. (2000). Sensitivity and specificity of the indicators of sincere effort of the EPIC lift capacity test on a previously injured population. Spine, 25, 1405–1412.
Kuijer, W., Brouwer, S., & Reneman, M. F. (2006). Determining responsiveness of FCEs, mission impossible? The Clinical Journal of Pain, 22, 664–665.
Kuijer, P. P., Gouttebarge, V., Brouwer, S., Reneman, M. F., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2012). Are performance-based measures predictive of work participation in patients with musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 85, 109–123.
Lakke, S. E., Soer, R., Geertzen, J. H., et al. (2013). Construct validity of functional capacity tests in healthy workers. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, 180.
Lakke, S. E., Soer, R., Krijnen, W. P., van der Schans, C. P., Reneman, M. F., & Geertzen, J. H. (2015). Influence of physical therapists’ kinesiophobic beliefs on lifting capacity in healthy adults. Physical Therapy, 95, 1224–1233.
Lechner, D. E., Bradbury, S. F., & Bradley, L. A. (1998). Detecting sincerity of effort: a summary of methods and approaches. Physical Therapy, 78, 867–888.
Mahmud, N., Schonstein, E., Schaafsma, F., et al. (2010). Functional capacity evaluations for the prevention of occupational re-injuries in injured workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7, CD007290.
Reneman, M. F., Brouwer, S., Meinema, A., Dijkstra, P. U., Geertzen, J. H., & Groothoff, J. W. (2004). Test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen work systems functional capacity evaluation in healthy adults. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 14, 295–305.
Reneman, M. F., Kool, J., Oesch, P., Geertzen, J. H., Battie, M. C., & Gross, D. P. (2006). Material handling performance of patients with chronic low back pain during functional capacity evaluation: A comparison between three countries. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28, 1143–1149.
Rudy, T. E., Dieber, S. J., & Boston, J. R. (1996). Functional capacity assessment: Influence of behavioural and environmental factors. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 6, 277–288.
Schapmire, D. W., St James, J. D., Feeler, L., & Kleinkort, J. (2010). Simultaneous bilateral hand strength testing in a client population, part I: diagnostic, observational and subjective complaint correlates to consistency of effort. Work, 37, 309–320.
Shechtman, O. (2001). The coefficient of variation as a measure of sincerity of effort of grip strength, Part II: sensitivity and specificity. Journal of Hand Therapy, 14, 188–194.
Soer, R., van der Schans, C. P., Groothoff, J. W., Geertzen, J. H., & Reneman, M. F. (2008a). Towards consensus in operational definitions in functional capacity evaluation: a Delphi Survey. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 18, 389–400.
Soer, R., Groothoff, J. W., Geertzen, J. H., van der Schans, C. P., Reesink, D. D., & Reneman, M. F. (2008b). Pain response of healthy workers following a functional capacity evaluation and implications for clinical interpretation. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 18, 290–298.
Soer, R., Hollak, N., Deijs, M., van der Woude, L. H., & Reneman, M. F. (2014). Matching physical work demands with functional capacity in healthy workers: can it be more efficient? Applied Ergonomics, 45, 1116–1122.
Streibelt, M., Blume, C., Thren, K., Reneman, M. F., & Mueller-Fahrnow, W. (2009). Value of functional capacity evaluation information in a clinical setting for predicting return to work. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90, 429–434.
van Abbema, R., Lakke, S. E., Reneman, M. F., et al. (2011). Factors associated with functional capacity test results in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21, 455–73.
van Ittersum, M. W., Bieleman, H. J., Reneman, M. F., Oosterveld, F. G., Groothoff, J. W., & van der Schans, C. P. (2009). Functional capacity evaluation in subjects with early osteoarthritis of hip and/or knee; is two-day testing needed? Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19, 238–244.
Wind, H., Gouttebarge, V., Kuijer, P. P., Sluiter, J. K., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2006). The utility of functional capacity evaluation: the opinion of physicians and other experts in the field of return to work and disability claims. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 79, 528–534.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gross, D.P., Reneman, M.F. (2020). Functional Capacity Evaluation. In: Gellman, M.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_101935
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_101935
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-39901-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-39903-0
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine