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Environmental Impact of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium Emissions from Autocatalytic Converters – A Brief Review of the Latest Developments

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Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

Abstract

For more than 40 years now, autocatalyts have been in use to reduce the release of toxic substances such as CO, unburnt hydrocarbons, and NOx generated by car engines. Although they have been helping in making the vehicular emissions cleaner, several studies have revealed that these catalysts are contributing significant concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh (the main active components of autocatalyts) to the urban environment. This has raised ecological and human health concerns, as the accumulation of Pt, Pd, and Rh in biota has been demonstrated in both laboratory and field studies. This article presents a review on these recent developments and looks ahead to the future. The major points discussed are (i) dispersion of Pt, Pd, and Rh; (ii) bioavailability and uptake of Pt, Pd, and Rh by biota; (iii) harmful effects of these metals on humans; (iv) studies on alternate cheaper and less harmful metals as catalysts in autocatalytic converters; and (v) recent developments in analytical techniques for the detection and determination of Pt, Pd, and Rh. These metals may pose a greater health risk than once thought for several reasons, but there are possible solutions such as PGE-free autocatalytic converters and electric, fuel cell, and solar-powered vehicles to solve this problem in near future.

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  1. Geochemistry Division, CSIR – National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India

    V. Balaram

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Balaram, V. (2020). Environmental Impact of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium Emissions from Autocatalytic Converters – A Brief Review of the Latest Developments. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_194-1

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