Abstract
Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for multiple adaptive functions. It is interesting to find white-eye (AW) and orange-eye (AO) phenotypes in the shrimp Alvinocaris longirostris inhabiting the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent areas of the northwestern Pacific. By comparative transcriptome analyses, 1 491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between AW and AO. Among them, many DEGs were associated with immunity, antioxidation, and detoxification. Two significant enzyme encoding genes, xanthine dehydrogenase, and tryptophan oxidase involved in pigment biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in AW and AO, respectively, which might be related to the differences of white and orange eye phenotypes. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling detected that genotypes of 28 SNP distributing in 14 unigenes were completely different between AW and AO. Particularly, there were three and two non-synonymous mutations in immune genes crustin Pm5 and antimicrobial peptide, respectively. Results indicate that the difference in eye color is probably resulted from immune response to variable micro-environmental stressors encountered in the dispersal process of the shrimps, such as symbiotic microbes, pathogens, and toxic substances, and might be genetically fixed at last. The suggested pathway preliminarily explained the formation mechanism of different eye phenotypes in Alvinocaridid shrimps, providing a basis for further study on adaptive evolution of eyes in deep-sea chemosynthetic faunas.
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The samples were collected by R/V Kexue. The authors wish to thank the crews for their help during collection of samples.
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Raw reads of the sequencing are deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database of NCBI with the BioProject accession number PRJNA548620. All other data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC0310802), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872215), the Senior User Project of R/V Kexue (No. KEXUE2019GZ02), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No. XDA22050302), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (No. QYZDB-SSW-DQC036)
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Xin, Q., Hui, M., Li, C. et al. Eyes of differing colors in Alvinocaris longirostris from deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems: genetic and molecular evidence of its formation mechanism. J. Ocean. Limnol. 39, 282–296 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-9312-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-9312-5