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Nitric Oxide Mitigates the Salt-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mustard by UpRegulating the Activity of Various Enzymes

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Abstract

The salt stress limits the production of mustard throughout the world and it is one of the major abiotic stresses. Crop productivity is declining due to the limited area of fertile land. In order to investigate the effects NO donor on salt tolerance and the recovery of Brassica juncea. (L) cv. RGN-48, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was applied at 1, 10 or 100 µM concentrations as foliar spray for five days consecutively. SNP triggered a significant increase in the main antioxidative enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the increase in the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism (nitrate reductase), photosynthesis and respiration (carbonic anhydrase, rubisco, fumarase, hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase). On the other hand, decrease in programmed cell death (PCD) and the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in NaCl-stressed plants subjected to the different concentrations of SNP. Consequently, the spray of SNP restored several photosynthetic attributes i.e. SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters in NaCl-stressed plants. These results suggested that exogenous application of SNP is useful in ameliorating the toxicity generated by NaCl in mustard plants.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the chairman, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the experiment and Fareen Sami also thanks to University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India for providing funds in the form of non-net fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Fareen Sami, Husna Siddiqui & Shamsul Hayat

  2. Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Pravej Alam

Authors
  1. Fareen Sami
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  2. Husna Siddiqui
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  3. Pravej Alam
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  4. Shamsul Hayat
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Contributions

FS conducted the experiment and analyzed the respective data of experiment. HS helped with IRGA, microscopic studies, and Junior-PAM. PA and SH given the idea of work, drafted, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shamsul Hayat.

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Sami, F., Siddiqui, H., Alam, P. et al. Nitric Oxide Mitigates the Salt-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mustard by UpRegulating the Activity of Various Enzymes. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 2409–2432 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10331-4

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