Abstract
Main conclusion
This study confirms a high level of metabolic resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron, inherited by a single dominant gene in a sorghum genotype (GL-1).
Abstract
Chlorsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor, effectively controls post-emergence grass and broadleaf weeds but is not registered for use in sorghum because of crop injury. The objectives of this study were to characterize the inheritance and mechanism of chlorsulfuron resistance in the sorghum genotype GL-1. Chlorsulfuron dose–response experiments were conducted using GL-1 along with BTx623 (susceptible check), and Pioneer 84G62 (commercial sorghum hybrid). The F1 and F2 progeny were generated by crossing GL-1 with BTx623. To assess if the target site alterations bestow resistance, the ALS gene, the molecular target of chlorsulfuron, was sequenced from GL-1. The role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in metabolizing chlorsulfuron, using malathion, a CYP-inhibitor was tested. The chlorsulfuron dose–response assay indicated that GL-1 and F1 progeny were ~ 20-fold more resistant to chlorsulfuron relative to BTx623. The F2 progenies segregated 3:1 (resistance: susceptibility) suggesting that chlorsulfuron resistance in GL-1 is a single dominant trait. No mutations in the ALS gene were detected in the GL-1; however, a significant reduction in biomass accumulation was found in plants pre-treated with malathion indicating that metabolism of chlorsulfuron contributes to resistance in GL-1. Also, GL-1 is highly susceptible to other herbicides (e.g., mesotrione and tembotrione) compared to Pioneer 84G62, suggesting the existence of a negative cross-resistance in GL-1. Overall, these results confirm a high level of metabolic resistance to chlorsulfuron inherited by a single dominant gene in GL-1 sorghum. These results have potential for developing chlorsulfuron-tolerant sorghum hybrids, with the ability to improve post-emergence weed control.
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Abbreviations
- ALS:
-
Acetolactate synthase
- CYP:
-
Cytochrome P450
- HPPD:
-
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
- IMI:
-
Imidazolinone
- POST:
-
Postemergence
- SU:
-
Sulfonylurea
- WAT:
-
Weeks after treatment
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Acknowledgements
Graduate student assistantship to Pandian from Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission and College of Agriculture, Kansas State University is highly appreciated. This is contribution number 20-289-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA.
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Pandian, B.A., Sathishraj, R., Prasad, P.V.V. et al. A single gene inherited trait confers metabolic resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Planta 253, 48 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03563-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03563-3