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Facile fabrication of magnetic covalent organic frameworks and their application in selective enrichment of polychlorinated naphthalenes from fine particulate matter

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Abstract

Magnetic covalent organic frameworks (Fe3O4@TPPCl4) were synthesized via a one-pot process in which magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MNP) served as a magnetic core and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-benzenetricarbaldehyde (TP) and 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobenzidine (PCl4) as two building blocks to form a shell. The as-prepared Fe3O4@TPPCl4 nanoparticles have superior features, including large surface area (186.5 m2 g−1), high porosity, strong magnetic responsiveness (42.6 emu g−1), high chlorine content, and outstanding thermal stability, which make them an ideal adsorbent for highly selective enrichment of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Combining with atmospheric pressure gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS), a simple analytical method of Fe3O4@TPPCl4-based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE)-APGC-MS/MS was developed, which exhibited good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) for eight PCNs in the concentration range 0.1–100 ng L−1. Moreover, low detection limits (0.005–0.325 ng L−1), high enrichment factors (46.62–81.97-fold), and good relative standard deviations (RSDs) of inter-day (n = 3, 1.64 to 7.44%) and day-to-day (n = 3, 2.62 to 8.23%) were achieved. This method was successfully applied to the selective enrichment of PCNs in fine particulate matter (PM)2.5 samples, and ultra-trace PCNs were found in the range 1.56–3.75 ng kg−1 with satisfactory recoveries (93.11–105.81%). The successful application demonstrated the great potential of Fe3O4@TPPCl4 nanoparticles as an adsorbent for enrichment of halogenated compounds.

Graphical abstract

Schematic presented one-pot synthesis of magnetic covalent organic framework nanocomposites (Fe3O4@TPPCl4) and their application in the selective enrichment of PCNs from PM2.5 prior to APGC-MS/MS analysis.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91843301, 21974021, and 21705025).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China

    Wenjing Guo, Wenli Wang, Yixin Yang, Shasha Zhang, Baichuan Yang, Wende Ma, Yu He, Zian Lin & Zongwei Cai

  2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China

    Zongwei Cai

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  1. Wenjing Guo
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  2. Wenli Wang
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  3. Yixin Yang
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  4. Shasha Zhang
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  5. Baichuan Yang
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  7. Yu He
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  8. Zian Lin
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  9. Zongwei Cai
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Correspondence to Zian Lin or Zongwei Cai.

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Guo, W., Wang, W., Yang, Y. et al. Facile fabrication of magnetic covalent organic frameworks and their application in selective enrichment of polychlorinated naphthalenes from fine particulate matter. Microchim Acta 188, 91 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04750-z

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