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Effects of diurnal temperature range and drought on wheat yield in Spain

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Abstract

This study aims to provide new insight on the wheat yield historical response to climate processes throughout Spain by using statistical methods. Our data includes observed wheat yield, pseudo-observations E-OBS for the period 1979 to 2014, and outputs of general circulation models in phase 5 of the Coupled Models Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) for the period 1901 to 2099. In investigating the relationship between climate and wheat variability, we have applied the approach known as the partial least-square regression, which captures the relevant climate drivers accounting for variations in wheat yield. We found that drought occurring in autumn and spring and the diurnal range of temperature experienced during the winter are major processes to characterize the wheat yield variability in Spain. These observable climate processes are used for an empirical model that is utilized in assessing the wheat yield trends in Spain under different climate conditions. To isolate the trend within the wheat time series, we implemented the adaptive approach known as Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. Wheat yields in the twenty-first century are experiencing a downward trend that we claim is a consequence of widespread drought over the Iberian Peninsula and an increase in the diurnal range of temperature. These results are important to inform about the wheat vulnerability in this region to coming changes and to develop adaptation strategies.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge: the authors thank the reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript; the E-OBS dataset from the EU-FP6 project ENSEMBLES; the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provided CMIP5 data. Spanish Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA) for crop data. We also acknowledge the developers of GrADS, CDO, NCL, and MATLAB software. This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain under National (CGL-2011-23209) and Regional (SA222A11-2) projects with FEDER European funds and fellowship BES-2012-054447 granted to S. Hernández-Barrera.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fundamental Physics, University of Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008, Salamanca, Spain

    S. Hernandez-Barrera & C. Rodriguez-Puebla

  2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    A. J. Challinor

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  1. S. Hernandez-Barrera
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  2. C. Rodriguez-Puebla
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  3. A. J. Challinor
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Correspondence to C. Rodriguez-Puebla.

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Hernandez-Barrera, S., Rodriguez-Puebla, C. & Challinor, A.J. Effects of diurnal temperature range and drought on wheat yield in Spain. Theor Appl Climatol 129, 503–519 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1779-9

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