Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are endoparasites whose mature females lodge and grow inside the root of some cultivated plants, leading to losses in productivity. Herein, we investigated if the infection of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae), promoted by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Meloidogynidae) changes some agronomic traits of the host plant, as well as the cell wall composition of the root tissues. The okra Santa Cruz 47® cultivar was infected with a suspension of 5000 M. incognita juveniles. The inoculated and non-inoculated okra plants were then submitted to morphological analysis at the end of experiment, as well as histological (at 4, 11, 18, 39, ad 66 days after inoculation) and immunocytochemical analysis (control and 66 days after inoculation). Root-knot nematode infection reduced the dry weight of the stem system but, unexpectedly, the number and weight of fruits increased. At 11 days after inoculation, we detected the presence of giant cells that increased in number and size until the end of the experiment, at 66 days after inoculation. These cells came from the xylem parenchyma and showed intense and moderate labeling for epitopes recognized by JIM5 and JIM7. The presence of homogalacturonans (HGs) with different degrees of methyl esterification seems to be related to the injuries caused by the nematode feeding activity and to the processes of giant cell hypertrophy. In addition, the presence of HGs with high methyl-esterified groups can increase the cell wall porosity and facilitate the flux of nutrients for the root-knot nematode.
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This study was financed in part Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). The authors also thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a DCO fellowship.
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DCO and RMIFV conceived and designed the research. RMIFV, CAM, and ACPF conducted the cultivation experiments and collected the agricultural traits. RMIFV, VCK, and DCO conducted the immunocytochemistry experiments. All the authors wrote the manuscript.
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Vilela, R.M.I.F., Kuster, V.C., Magalhães, T.A. et al. Impact of Meloidogyne incognita (nematode) infection on root tissues and cell wall composition of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench, Malvaceae). Protoplasma 258, 979–990 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01618-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01618-0