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Integrated Effect of Tillage and Herbicides on Wheat Crop

Wirkung der Kombination von Bodenbearbeitung und Herbiziden auf die Weizenernte

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Abstract

Combining tillage with herbicides is an economical and efficient method for weed management and yield improvement in wheat. A two-year study was conducted having three tillage levels viz. 2″ tillage (shallow tillage, ST), 4″ tillage (conventional tillage, CT) and 6″ tillage (deep tillage, DT). The weed control treatments were five including three herbicides i.e. bromoxynil + MCPA (a broad-leaf weed killer), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (a grass killer) and isoproturon + carfentrazone (a broad-spectrum herbicide), along with a hand weeding (HW) and a weedy check (WC). Results showed that the recorded parameters were significantly affected by the varying tillage depths, herbicide applications and their interactions. The weed density and biomass were the highest in ST and the lowest in DT, while among the weed control treatments, the weed density and biomass were highest in WC and lowest in HW. On the other hand, the DT treatments resulted in highest number of spikes m−2, 1000-grain weight (TGW), biological yield and grain yield; while ST showed the lowest values. Among the weed control treatments, the number of spikes, TGW, biological and grain yields were the highest in HW and the lowest in WC treatments. The herbicide isoproturon + carfentrazone performed the best among the three applied herbicides in diminishing the weed population density and biomass, and improving the number of spikes, TGW, biological and grain yields. In conclusion, the combination of deep tillage and herbicide isoproturon + carfentrazone can prove to be the best option for optimum weed management in wheat at higher altitudes.

Zusammenfassung

Die Kombination von Bodenbearbeitung und Herbiziden ist eine wirtschaftliche und effiziente Methode zur Unkrautbekämpfung und Ertragssteigerung bei Weizen. Es wurde eine zweijährige Studie mit drei Bodenbearbeitungsstufen durchgeführt, nämlich flache Bodenbearbeitung (shallow tillage, ST), konventionelle Bodenbearbeitung (conventional tillage, CT) und tiefe Bodenbearbeitung (deep tillage, DT). Zur Unkrautbekämpfung wurden fünf Behandlungen durchgeführt: drei Herbizide, nämlich Bromoxynil + MCPA (ein breitblättriges Unkrautvernichtungsmittel), Fenoxaprop-p-Ethyl (ein Unkrautvernichtungsmittel) und Isoproturon + Carfentrazon (ein Breitspektrumherbizid), Handjäten (hand weeding, HW) und Unkrautbeobachtung (weedy check, WC). Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die untersuchten Parameter durch die unterschiedlichen Bodenbearbeitungstiefen, Herbizidanwendungen und deren Wechselwirkungen signifikant beeinflusst wurden. Die Unkrautdichte und -biomasse war bei ST am höchsten und bei DT am niedrigsten, während bei den Behandlungen zur Unkrautkontrolle die Unkrautdichte und -biomasse bei WC am höchsten und bei HW am niedrigsten war. Andererseits ergaben die DT-Behandlungen die höchste Anzahl von Ähren pro m2, das höchste 1000-Korn-Gewicht (1000-grain weight, TGW), den größten biologischen Ertrag und Kornertrag, während ST die niedrigsten Werte aufwies. Unter den Unkrautbekämpfungsbehandlungen waren die Anzahl der Ähren, das TGW, der biologische Ertrag und der Kornertrag bei den HW-Behandlungen am höchsten und bei den WC-Behandlungen am niedrigsten. Das Herbizid Isoproturon + Carfentrazon zeigte unter den drei angewendeten Herbiziden die beste Leistung bei der Verringerung der Unkrautpopulationsdichte und -biomasse und erhöhte die Anzahl der Ähren, das TGW, den biologischen Ertrag und den Kornertrag. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Kombination aus tiefer Bodenbearbeitung und dem Herbizid Isoproturon + Carfentrazon die beste Option für ein optimales Unkrautmanagement bei Weizen in höheren Lagen sein kann.

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Acknowledgements

The principal author is indebted to the HEC Islamabad for funding of the research through the grant no. 5142 under the title of ‘weed seed bank studies in wheat and maize growing areas for sustainable weed management and soil fertility’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Zahid Hussain,  Luqman & Saima Hashim

  2. Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey

    Khawar Jabran

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  1. Zahid Hussain
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  2. Luqman
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Correspondence to Zahid Hussain.

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Z. Hussain, Luqman, S. Hashim and K. Jabran declare that they have no competing interests.

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Hussain, Z., Luqman, Hashim, S. et al. Integrated Effect of Tillage and Herbicides on Wheat Crop. Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 239–247 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00549-3

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