Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroethanolic rhizomes, stems, and leaf extracts of Renealmia petasites using in vitro and in vivo assays. The chemical composition of the extracts was characterized in a linear iron trap mass spectrometer. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content were determined by spectrophotometry analyses. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages evaluating the influence on the production of superoxide anion (O2−), nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In vivo effects were determined using the air pouch model in which were inoculated carrageenan and thereafter treated with 50 mg/kg of the hydroethanolic extracts of R. petasites. After 4 and 24 h, the cellular influx, protein exudation, cytokines, and nitric oxide were evaluated. Eight compounds were tentatively identified in the R. petasites extracts, suggesting five diarylheptanoids, one flavonoid, and two fatty alcohols. The in vitro results showed that the extracts were capable of blocking free radicals and/or inhibiting their intracellular actions by inhibiting the production of important mediators of the inflammatory process, such as NO, O2−, TNF-α, and IL-6. In vivo, R. petasites significantly decrease the influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, protein exudation, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentration in the air pouch model. The results evidenced that R. petasites can be considered a promising alternative therapy for the treatment and management of osteoarthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Abbreviations
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- iNOS:
-
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- O2− :
-
Anion superoxide
- ABTS:
-
2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- Cg:
-
Carrageenan
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FRAP:
-
Ferric reducing antioxidant power
- NBT:
-
Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride
- OA:
-
Osteoarthritis
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Acknowledgments
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. The authors also thank to the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espirito Santo (FAPES) for the financial support (fellowship to AKSC) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq: Grant Number 311925/2018-9).
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Study design and supervision: MF. Sample collection and processing, conduction and supervision of the in vitro and in vivo experiments and draft the manuscript: AK and CS. Performed the in vitro cell culture experiments: ADSJ and MFL guided by DCE. Performed the antioxidants tests, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content: JAC, FVAP, ISP, and ACHP guided by RS. Analyzed the chemical composition of the extracts: MVTS guided by TB. Performed the in vivo acute toxicity assays: FSAM guided by TUA. All the authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.
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Soares, A.K.C., de Sousa Júnior, A.D., Lorençoni, M.F. et al. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of Renealmia petasites Gagnep. Inflammopharmacol 29, 451–465 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00786-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00786-4