Abstract
In this study, two narrow band gap semiconductor nanomaterials, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Bi2MoO6, were selected and coupled to form series of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 photoanodes. The existence of strong interfacial interactions between g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6 were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL). XRD and TEM results suggest that Bi2MoO6 belongs to orthorhombic crystal structure with fiber like morphology with average diameter of 20–30 nm and length up to several micrometers. Sandwich type solar cell was fabricated by deposition the hybrid materials on FTO glass substrate and technically studied the photovoltaic (PV) parameters through J–V characteristics. The results express that g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 hybrid photoanode show fabulous photo conversion efficiency (PCE) of (13.56%), excellent stability and reusability. The superior photovoltaic performance of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposite was owing to the interface of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures whereas reduced the band-gap which enables high separation efficiency, suppressed recombination rate of charge carriers and their high specific surface area (103.56 m2/g). A possible photovoltaic mechanism under sun light was systematically discussed based on the experiment results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Wang, A. M. Anghel, B. Marsan, N.-L. C. Ha, N. Pootrakulchote, S. M. Zakeeruddin, and M. Grätzel (2009). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15976.
W. Wei, H. Wang, and Y. H. Hu (2014). Int. J. Energy Res. 38, 1099.
M. Grätzel (2003). J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 4, 145.
W. Wei, H. Wang, and Y. H. Hu (2013). J. Mater. Chem. 1, 14350.
X. Fang, T. Ma, G. Guan, M. Akiyama, T. Kida, and E. Abe (2004). J. Electroanalyt. Chem. 570, 257.
S.-S. Kim, Y.-C. Nah, Y.-Y. Noh, J. Jo, and D.-Y. Kim (2006). Electrochim. Acta. 51, 3814.
Z. Mao, J. Chen, Y. Yang, D. Wang, L. Bie, B. D. Fahlman, and A. C. S. Appl (2017). Mater. Interfaces. 9, 12427.
L. Zhang, X. He, X. Xu, C. Liu, Y. Duan, L. Hou, Q. Zhou, et al. (2017). Appl. Catal. B 1, 203.
X. Dong, J. Li, Q. Xing, Y. Zhou, H. Huang, and F. Dong (2018). Appl. Catal. B Environ. 232, 69.
H. W. Huang, Y. He, Z. S. Lin, L. Kang, and Y. H. Zhang (2013). J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 22986.
H. W. Huang, X. Han, X. W. Li, S. C. Wang, P. K. Chu, Y. H. Zhang, and A. C. S. Appl (2015). Mater. Interfaces 7, 482.
H. W. Huang, X. W. Li, J. J. Wang, F. Dong, P. K. Chu, T. R. Zhang, and Y. H. Zhang (2015). ACS Catal. 5, 4094.
M. Y. Zhang, C. L. Shao, J. B. Mu, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. C. Guo, P. Zhang, and Y. C. Liu (2012). Cryst. Eng. Commun. 14, 605.
C. S. Guo, J. Xu, S. F. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. He, and X. C. Li (2013). Catal. Sci. Technol. 3, 1603.
Y. Ma, Y. L. Jia, Z. B. Jiao, M. Yang, Y. X. Qi, and Y. P. Bi (2015). Chem. Commun. 51, 6655.
Y. S. Xu and W. D. Zhang (2013). Dalton Trans. 42, 1094.
Z. W. Zhao, W. D. Zhang, Y. J. Sun, J. Y. Yu, Y. X. Zhang, H. Wang, F. Dong, and Z. B. Wu (2016). J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 11898.
H. Yu, L. Jiang, H. Wang, B. Huang, X. Yuan, J. Huang, J. Zhang, and G. Zeng (2019). Small 15, 1901008.
H. Li, W. Li, F. Wang, X. Liu, and C. Ren (2017). Appl. Catal. B 217, 378.
Q. Zhang, P. Chena, L. Chen, M. Wu, X. Dai, P. Xing, H. Lin, L. Zhao, and Y. He (2020). J. Colloid Interface Sci. 568, 117.
P. Chen, L. Chen, S. Ge, W. Zhang, M. Wu, P. Xing, T. B. Rotamond, H. Lin, Y. Wu, and Y. He (2020). Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 45, 14354.
Z. Feng, L. Zeng, Q. Zhang, S. Ge, X. Zhao, H. Lin, and Y. He (2020). J. Environ. Sci. 87, 149.
P. Chen, P. Xing, Z. Chen, X. Hu, H. Lin, L. Zhao, and Y. He (2019). J. Colloid Interface Sci. 534, 163.
Z. Chen, P. Chen, P. Xing, X. Hu, H. Lin, L. Zhao, Y. Wu, and Y. He (2019). Evolution. Fuel. 241, 1.
S. Li, L. Bai, N. Ji, S. Yu, S. Lin, N. Tian, and H. Huang (2020). J. Mater. Chem. A. 8, 9268.
N. Tian, K. Xiao, Y. Zhang, X. Lu, L. Ye, P. Gao, T. Ma, and H. Huang (2015). Appl. Catal. B 253, 196.
N. Tain, H. Huang, X. Du, F. Dong, and Y. Zhang (2019). J. Mater. Chem. A 7, 11584.
Elham Vesali-Kermani, Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh, Hadi Diarmand-Khalilabad, and Srabanti Ghosh (2020). J Colloid Interface Sci 563, 81.
Haiping Li, Jingyi Liu, Wanguo Hou, Du Na, Renjie Zhang, and Xutang Tao (2014). Appl Catal B 160–161, 89.
Tianjin Ma, Wu Juan, Yidong Mi, Qinghua Chen, Dong Ma, and Chao Chai (2017). Sep. Purif. Technol. 183, 54.
S. Prabhu, M. Pudukudy, S. Harish, M. Navaneethan, S. Sohila, K. Murugesan, and R. Ramesh (2020). Mater. Sci. Semiconduct. Process. 106, 10454.
X. Qiao, Z. Zhang, Q. Li, D. Hou, Q. Zhang, J. Zhang, D. Li, P. Feng, and X. Bu (2018). J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 22580.
J. Wu, Y. Sun, C. Gu, T. Wang, Y. Xin, C. Chai, C. Cui, and D. Ma (2018). Appl. Catal. B 237, 622.
Q. Xiang, J. Yu, and M. Jaroniec (2011). J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 7355.
S. Wang, D. Li, C. Sun, S. Yang, Y. Guan, and H. He (2014). Appl. Catal. B 144, 885.
G. Tian, Y. Chen, W. Zhou, K. Pan, Y. Dong, C. Tian, and H. Fu (2011). J. Mater. Chem. 21, 887.
J. M. Fernández, C. Barriga, M. A. Ulibarri, F. M. Labajos, and V. Rives (1997). Chem. Mater. 9, 312.
M. S. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, M. Hofmann, G. Dresselhaus, and R. Saito (2010). Nano Lett. 10, 751.
L. Zhang, T. Xu, X. Zhao, and Y. Zhu (2010). Appl. Catal. B 98, 138.
Y. Shimodaira, H. Kato, H. Kobayashi, and A. Kudo (2006). J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 17790.
M. Parthibavarman, S. Sathishkumar, M. Jayashree, and R. BoopathiRaja (2019). J. Clust. Sci. 30, 351.
M. Parthibavarman, S. Sathishkumar, S. Prabhakaran, M. Jayashree, and R. BoopathiRaja (2018). J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 15, 2789.
J. An, G. Zhang, R. Zheng, and P. Wang (2016). J. Environ. Sci. (China) 48, 218.
R. BoopathiRaja and M. Parthibavarman (2019). J. Alloy. Compd. 811, 152084.
Z. Jia, F. Lyu, L. C. Zhang, S. Zeng, S. Liang, Y. Y. Li, and J. Lu (2019). Sci. Rep. 9, 7636.
V. Shanmugam, A. L. Muppudathi, S. Jayavel, and K. S. Jayaperumal (2020). Arabian J. Chem. 13, 2439.
J. L. Lv, K. Dai, J. F. Zhang, L. Geng, C. H. Liang, and Q. C. Liu (2015). Appl. Surf. Sci. 358, 377.
D. Ma, J. Wu, M. C. Gao, Y. J. Xin, and C. Chai (2017). Chem. Eng. J. 316, 461.
H. P. Li, W. G. Hou, X. T. Tao, and N. Du (2015). Appl. Catal. B 172, 27.
L. F. Yang, X. G. Yu, M. S. Xu, H. Z. Chen, and D. R. Yang (2014). J. Mater. Chem. 2, 16877.
Zhuoqun Li, Feng Gong, Gang Zhou, and Zhong-Sheng Wang (2013). J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 6561.
M. Indhumathy and A. Prakasam (2019). J. Mater. Sci. 30, 15444.
M. Indhumathy and A. Prakasam (2020). J. Clust. Sci. 31, 91.
Haoran Yan, Xin Tian, Yongxin Pang, Bo Feng, Ke Duan, Zuowan Zhou, Jie Weng, and J. Wang (2016). RSC Adv. 6, 102444.
Z. Yuan, R. Tang, Y. Zhang, and L. Yin (2017). J. Alloy. Compd. 691, 983.
Zong-Lin Yang, Zhen-Yun Zhang, Wei-Li Fan, Hu Chao-sheng, Ling Zhang, and Jun-Jie Qi (2019). Solar Energy 193, 859.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raja, J.S. Construction of High Efficient g-C3N4 Nanosheets Combined with Bi2MoO6 Photoanodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. J Clust Sci 33, 509–518 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-021-01987-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-021-01987-9