Abstract
Sliding wear tests of a titanium-matrix composite (TMC) against M35 steel were performed at room temperature. To improve the wear performance of the TMC, an attempt was made to induce a protective tribofilm by artificially supplying nanoscale materials, viz. multilayer graphene (MLG), Fe2O3, and their composite and mixture, onto the sliding tracks. Irrespective of the load, MLG or Fe2O3 additives could hardly improve the wear performance of the TMC because of a lack of load-bearing or lubricant capacity. However, the MLG/Fe2O3 nanocomposite and MLG + Fe2O3 mechanical mixture could effectively improve the wear performance. Interestingly, a critical load existed, at or below which extremely low wear loss and friction coefficient were obtained, which can be attributed to the formation of a protective tribofilm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jiao, X.Z., Pei, P.L., Zhuang, Z.Z., Xiao, J.W., Ji, J.T., Hu, L., Qian, S., Tao, D., Ahmad, U., Zhan, H.G.: Solvent-free graphene liquids: promising candidates for lubricants without the base oil. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 542, 159–167 (2019)
Mei, Z.Z., Hu, Z., Jin, X.S., Jian, H.F., Ai, H.Y.: Prussian blue nanocubes supported on graphene foam as superior binder-free anode of lithium-ion batteries. J. Alloys Compd. 749, 811–817 (2018)
Jin, X.S., Hu, Z., Jian, H.F., Mei, Z.Z., Ai, H.Y.: Facile synthesis of MOF-derived hollow NiO microspheres integrated with graphene foam for improved lithium-storage properties. J. Alloys Compd. 784, 869–876 (2019)
Hu, Z., Jian, Z., Dong, J., Ai, H.Y., Xiao, P.S.: Effect of catalyst loading on hydrogen storage capacity of ZIF-8/graphene oxide doped with Pt or Pd via spillover. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 229, 68–75 (2016)
Xu, Z., Shi, X., Zhai, W., Yao, J., Song, S., Zhang, Q.: Preparation and tribological properties of TiAl matrix composites reinforced by multilayer graphene. Carbon 67, 168–177 (2014)
Llorente, J., Román-Manso, B., Miranzo, P., Belmonte, M.: Tribological performance under dry sliding conditions of graphene/silicon carbide composites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 36, 429–435 (2015)
Wang, H., Xie, G., Zhu, Z., Ying, Z., Zeng, Y.: Enhanced tribological performance of the multi-layer graphene filled poly (vinyl chloride) composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. 67, 268–273 (2014)
Wang, S.Q., Wei, M.X., Wang, F., Zhao, Y.T.: Transition of elevated-temperature wear mechanisms and the oxidative delamination wear in hot-working die steels. Tribol. Int. 43, 577–584 (2010)
Berman, D., Erdemir, A., Sumant, A.V.: Few layer graphene to reduce wear and friction on sliding steel surfaces. Carbon 54, 454–459 (2013)
Berman, D., Erdemir, A., Sumant, A.V.: Reduced wear and friction enabled by graphene layers on sliding steel surfaces in dry nitrogen. Carbon 59, 167–175 (2013)
Kato, H.: Effect of supply of fine oxide particles onto rubbing steel surfaces on severe-mild wear transition and oxide film formation. Tribol. Int. 41(8), 735–742 (2008)
Kato, H.: Severe–mild wear transition by supply of oxide particles on sliding surface. Wear 255, 426–429 (2003)
Kato, H., Komai, K.: Tribofilm formation and mild wear by tribo-sintering of nanometer-sized oxide particles on rubbing steel surfaces. Wear 262, 36–41 (2007)
Iwabuchi, A., Kubosawa, H., Hori, K.: The dependence of the transition from severe to mild wear on load and surface roughness when the oxide particles are supplied before sliding. Wear 139, 319–333 (1990)
Iwabuchi, A., Hori, K., Kubosawa, H.: The effect of oxide particles supplied at the interface before sliding on the severe-mild wear transition. Wear 128, 123–137 (1988)
Iwabuchi, A.: The role of oxide particles in the fretting wear of mild steel. Wear 151, 301–311 (1991)
Zhai, W., Shi, X., Wang, M., et al.: Grain refinement: a mechanism for graphene nanoplatelets to reduce friction and wear of Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites. Wear 310, 33–40 (2014)
Zhai, W., Shi, X., Yao, J., et al.: Investigation of mechanical and tribological behaviors of multilayer graphene reinforced Ni3Al matrix composites. Compos. Part B. 70, 149–155 (2015)
Xu, Z., Shi, X., Zhai, W., et al.: Preparation and tribological properties of TiAl matrix composites reinforced by multilayer graphene. Carbon 67, 168–177 (2014)
Llorente, J., Román-Manso, B., Miranzo, P., et al.: Tribological performance under dry sliding conditions of graphene/silicon carbide composites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 36, 429–435 (2016)
Kandanur, S.S., Rafiee, M.A., Yavari, F., et al.: Suppression of wear in graphene polymer composites. Carbon 50, 3178–3183 (2012)
Shin, J.H., Lim, D.S., Ahn, H.S.: Effect of annealing and Fe2O 3 addition on the high temperature tribological behavior of the plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 133, 403–410 (2000)
Walker, J.C., Saranu, S.R., Kean, A.H., et al.: Fe nano-particle coatings for high temperature wear resistance. Wear 271, 2067–2079 (2011)
Zhou, Y., Wang, S.Q., Huang, K.Z., et al.: Improvement of tribological performance of TC11 alloy via formation of a double-layer tribo-layer containing graphene/Fe2O3 nanocomposite. Tribol. Int. 109, 485–495 (2017)
Rigney, D.A.: Some thoughts on sliding wear. Wear 152, 187–192 (1992)
Stott, F.H.: High-temperature sliding wear of metals. Tribol. Int. 35, 489–495 (2002)
Fillot, N., Iordanoff, I., Berthier, Y.: Wear modelling and the third body concept. Wear 262, 949–957 (2007)
Qiao, Y.L., Zhao, H.C., Zang, Y., Zhang, Q.: Friction and wear properties of waterdispersing system of multilayer graphene. Tribol. Int. 34, 523–530 (2004)
Zhang, Q.Y., Zhou, Y., Li, X.X., Wang, L., Cui, X.H., Wang, S.Q.: Accelerated formation of tribo-oxide Layer and its effect on sliding wear of a titanium alloy. Tribol. Lett. 63, 1–13 (2016)
Zhang, Q.Y., Wang, S.Q., Zhou, Y., Chen, K.M., Wang, L., Cui, X.H.: Artificial oxide-containing tribo-layers and their effect on wear performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Tribol. Int. 105, 334–344 (2017)
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51505199) and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX19_1670). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
H.X. drafted the manuscript and performed the experiments; Y.J. contributed to the conception of the study; M.N. and N.L. revised the manuscript. J.W. provided the materials.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, H., Jin, Y., Niu, M. et al. Effect of Tribofilm Induced by Nanoparticle Addition on Wear Behavior of Titanium-Matrix Composite. Tribol Lett 69, 18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-01387-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-01387-6