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Heavy metal and organic load in Haripur creek of Gopalpur along the Bay of Bengal, east coast of India

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Abstract

Accumulation of heavy metals in zooplanktons is used as an essential tool for the evaluation of health of an ecosystem. Such data are used to set further monitoring strategies especially in (coastal) water bodies. In the present study, seasonal bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg, organic loads such as nitrite and phosphate, contents loads and physicochemical parameters in Haripur creek along the Bay of Bengal in east coast of India is measured in zooplanktons. Coastal organisms are considered an integral part of marine ecosystems and their frequent massive die-off events along the coast of the Bay of Bengal are correlated with the obtained pollutant data. The levels of heavy metals were also correlated with several extrinsic environmental factors such as water transparency, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH and temperature. Discriminant function analyses and standardised coefficients for canonical variables for the obtained data indicate that the studied environmental factors and organic loads varied as a function of season. Bioaccumulation of the studied heavy metals in zooplanktons was seasonal and infrequently noticed above the standard limit. The computed bioaccumulation factor of the five metals showed that accumulation of Zn was higher in zooplanktons as compared to that of the other studied metals. So, the entry of heavy metals through the food chains or via direct exposure (to organic loads also) to the other inhabiting organisms including fish may be assumed. This could be one of the possible reasons for the observed frequent (fish) die-off events at Gopalpur Coast along the Bay of Bengal and may be considered a clue for future investigations.

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Acknowledgements

Generous help rendered by the Prof. Rama Chandra Panigrahy is highly acknowledged.

Funding

Scheme No. ECR/2016/001984 by SERB, DST, Govt. of India, and 1188/ST, Bhubaneswar, dated 01.03.17, ST-(Bio)-02/2017 by Department of Biotechnology, DST, Government of Odisha, India, to BRP.

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  1. Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India

    Sasmita Rath

  2. Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India

    Abhipsa Bal & Biswaranjan Paital

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  1. Sasmita Rath
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SR analysed the data, did statistics and interpreted the data regarding the environmental parameters and wrote the MS. AB analysed the data, did DFA analyses, wrote the MS and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. BRP has conceptual contribution for the study, has analysed the data, wrote the MS and proof read the MS.

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Correspondence to Biswaranjan Paital.

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Rath, S., Bal, A. & Paital, B. Heavy metal and organic load in Haripur creek of Gopalpur along the Bay of Bengal, east coast of India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 28275–28288 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12601-w

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