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Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with a History of Bariatric Surgery: Is It Less Severe?

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Abstract

Introduction

Bariatric surgery (BSx) leads to weight loss and causes alterations in gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptides. This raises questions on acute pancreatitis (AP) occurrence and outcomes in this cohort of patients. We aim to assess mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization of AP in patients with BSx.

Methods

Observational retrospective cohort study (2012–2016) with propensity score match. Patients with a principal diagnostic ICD9-10CM code for AP were included. Stratification for the coexistence of history of BSx was performed. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were morbidity, resource utilization, length of hospital stay (LOS), total hospital charges, and costs.

Results

Out of 920,615 AP patients, 15,345 had undergone BSx. After propensity matching, 8220 patients with BSx had AP. The mortality for AP was 0.42 (p < 0.01) and for biliary AP 0.29 (< 0.04) in the history of BSx group compared to patients without BSx history. Acute kidney insufficiency (AKI), shock, ICU, multiorgan failure, ERCP, costs, charges, and LOS were all lower for patients with AP who had history of BSx. Patients with biliary AP showed even lower odds of AKI, ICU, multiorgan failure, costs, charges, and LOS, but higher odds of cholecystectomy.

Conclusion

Patients with AP with history of BSx have lower mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization. This may be due to post-surgical alterations in pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions including hormonal and anatomical changes. Interestingly, patients with biliary AP and BSx had even lower odds of mortality and morbidity than patients with non-biliary AP, suggesting an added benefit with milder disease course.

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Author notes

  1. Paul Thomas Kröner and C. Roberto Simons-Linares contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Paul Thomas Kröner, Alex M. Kesler, Peter Abader, Mohammad Afsh, Juan Corral & Massimo Raimondo

  2. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    C. Roberto Simons-Linares, John Rodriguez, John J. Vargo & Prabhleen Chahal

Authors
  1. Paul Thomas Kröner
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  2. C. Roberto Simons-Linares
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  3. Alex M. Kesler
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  4. Peter Abader
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  5. Mohammad Afsh
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  6. Juan Corral
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  7. John Rodriguez
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  8. John J. Vargo
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  9. Massimo Raimondo
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  10. Prabhleen Chahal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Roberto Simons-Linares.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval Statement

For this type of study, institutional review board and formal consent were not required and were waived.

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Study Highlights

What is current knowledge:

• Acute pancreatitis epidemiology is changing: hospitalizations have increased but the mortality remains the same.

• Obesity is an independent risk factor for AP development and worse outcomes.

• The obesity epidemic is worldwide and bariatric surgery is increasingly performed.

What is new here:

• Bariatric surgery patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis have lower mortality.

• Acute kidney injury and multiorgan failure are less likely in bariatric patients admitted with AP.

• The hospital length of stay, hospitalization charges, and cost are lower in bariatric patients.

• Bariatric patients admitted with AP are more likely to undergo same-admission cholecystectomy.

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Kröner, P.T., Simons-Linares, C.R., Kesler, A.M. et al. Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with a History of Bariatric Surgery: Is It Less Severe?. OBES SURG 30, 2325–2330 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04480-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04480-w

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