Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Review of drought impacts on carbon cycling in grassland ecosystems

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Earth Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Grasslands play a key role in both carbon and water cycles. In semi-arid and arid grassland areas, the frequency and intensity of droughts are increasing. However, the influence of a drought on grassland carbon cycling is still unclear. In this paper, the relationship between drought and grassland carbon cycling is described from the perspective of drought intensity, frequency, duration, and timing. Based on a large amount of literature, we determined that drought is one of the most prominent threats to grassland carbon cycling, although the impacts of different drought conditions are uncertain. The effects of a drought on grassland carbon cycling are more or less altered by drought-induced disturbances, whether individually or in combination. Additionally, a new conceptual model is proposed to better explain the mechanism of droughts on grassland carbon cycling. At present, evaluations of the effects of droughts on grassland carbon cycling are mainly qualitative. A data fusion model is indispensable for evaluating the fate of carbon cycling in a sustainable grassland system facing global change. In the future, multi-source data and models, based on the development of single and multiple disturbance experiments at the ecosystem level, can be utilized to systematically evaluate drought impacts on grassland carbon cycling at different timescales. Furthermore, more advanced models should be developed to address extreme drought events and their consequences on energy, water, and carbon cycling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acharya B S, Rasmussen J, Eriksen J (2012). Grassland carbon sequestration and emissions following cultivation in a mixed crop rotation. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 153(24): 33–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali Z, Hussain I, Faisal M, Nazir M, Moemen M A, Hussain T, Shamsuddin S (2017). A novel multi-Scalar drought index for monitoring drought: the standardized precipitation temperature index. Water Resour Manage, 31(15): 4957–4969

    Google Scholar 

  • Allaby M (2009). Grasslands. New York: Infobase Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • Amézquita M C, Murgueitio E, Ibrahim M, Ramírez B (2010). Carbon sequestration in pasture and silvopastoral systems compared with native forests in ecosystems of tropical America. Grassland carbon sequestration: management, policy and economics, 11: 153–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderegg W R L, Schwalm C, Biondi F, Camarero J J, Koch G, Litvak M, Ogle K, Shaw J D, Shevliakova E, Williams A P, Wolf A, Ziaco E, Pacala S (2015). Pervasive drought legacies in forest ecosystems and their implications for carbon cycle models. Science, 349(6247): 528–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Andresen L C, Domínguez M T, Reinsch S, Smith A R, Schmidt I K, Ambus P, Beier C, Boeckx P, Bol R, de Dato G, Emmett B A, Estiarte M, Garnett M H, Kröel-Dulay G, Mason S L, Nielsen C S, Peñuelas J, Tietema A (2018). Isotopic methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon dynamics in shrublands under longterm climate change manipulation. Methods Ecol Evol, 9(4): 866–880

    Google Scholar 

  • Aseeva T A, Karacheva G S, Lomakina I V, Ruban Z S (2018). Forming the productivity of spring and winter wheat in the conditions of the middle priamurye region. Russ Agric Sci, 44(2): 113–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Astiani D, Curran L M Burhanuddin, Taherzadeh M, Mujiman, Hatta M, Pamungkas W, Gusmayanti E (2018). Fire-driven biomass and peat carbon losses and post-fire soil CO2 emission in a west kalimantan peatland forest. J Trop For Sci, 30(4): 570–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldocchi D (2011). The grass response. Nature, 476(7359): 160–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Balogh J, Fóri S, Pintér K, Burri S, Eugster W, Papp M, Nagy Z (2015). Soil CO2 efflux and production rates as influenced by evapotranspiration in a dry grassland. Plant Soil, 388(1–2): 157–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Battisti R, Sentelhas P C (2017). Improvement of soybean resilience to drought through deep root system in Brazil. Agron J, 109(4): 1612–1622

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloor J M, Bardgett R D (2012). Stability of above-ground and below-ground processes to extreme drought in model grassland ecosystems: interactions with plant species diversity and soil nitrogen availability. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst, 14(3): 193–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Brookshire E N J, Weaver T (2015). Long-term decline in grassland productivity driven by increasing dryness. Nat Commun, 6(1): 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Canarini A, Kiær L P, Dijkstra F A (2017). Soil carbon loss regulated by drought intensity and available substrate: a meta-analysis. Soil Biol Biochem, 112: 90–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Caracciolo D, Istanbulluoglu E, Noto L V, Collins S L (2016). Mechanisms of shrub encroachment into northern chihuahuan desert grasslands and impacts of climate change investigated using a cellular automata model. Adv Water Resour, 91: 46–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson M, Merten M, Kayser M, Isselstein J, Wrage-Mönnig N (2017). Drought stress resistance and resilience of permanent grasslands are shaped by functional group composition and N fertilization. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 236: 52–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Deng X, Jin G, Samie A, Li Z (2017). Land-use-change induced dynamics of carbon stocks of the terrestrial ecosystem in Pakistan. Phys Chem Earth Parts ABC, 101: 13–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Tian H, Zhang C, Liu M, Ren W, Zhu W, Chappelka A H, Prior S A, Lockaby G B (2012). Drought in the Southern United States over the 20th century: variability and its impacts on terrestrial ecosystem productivity and carbon storage. Clim Change, 114(2): 379–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleland E E, Goodale U M (2019). Co-limitation by nitrogen and water constrains allocation response to drought in deciduous and evergreen shrubs in a semi-arid ecosystem. Plant Ecol, 220(2): 213–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Conant R T (2010). Challenges and opportunities for carbon sequestration in grassland systems. In Integrated Crop Management; FAO: Rome, Italy, 1–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Coupe M D, Stacey J, Cahill J F Jr (2009). Limited effects of above-and belowground insects on community structure and function in a species-rich grassland. J Veg Sci, 20(1): 121–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Craine J M, Towne E, Tolleson D, Nippert J B (2013). Precipitation timing and grazer performance in a tallgrass prairie. Oikos, 122(2): 191–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuny M A C, Gendry J, Hernández-Cumplido J, Benrey B (2018). Changes in plant growth and seed production in wild lima bean in response to herbivory are attenuated by parasitoids. Oecologia, 187(2): 447–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly E, Oishi A C, Porporato A, Katul G G (2008). A stochastic model for daily subsurface CO2 concentration and related soil respiration. Adv Water Resour, 31(7): 987–994

    Google Scholar 

  • Dias M, Brüggemann W (2010). Limitations of photosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris under drought stress: gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and Calvin cycle enzymes. Photosynthetica, 48(1): 96–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Diez J M, D’Antonio C M, Dukes J S, Grosholz E D, Olden J D, Sorte C J, Blumenthal D M, Bradley B A, Early R, Ibáñez I, Jones S J, Lawler J J, Miller L P (2012). Will extreme climatic events facilitate biological invasions? Front Ecol Environ, 10(5): 249–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Han D, Wang G, Liu T, Xue B L, Kuczera G, Xu X (2018). Hydroclimatic response of evapotranspiration partitioning to prolonged droughts in semiarid grassland. J Hydrol (Amst), 563: 766–777

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois M, Claeys H, Van den Broeck L, Inzé D (2017). Time of day determines Arabidopsis transcriptome and growth dynamics under mild drought. Plant Cell Environ, 40(2): 180–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Dulamsuren C, Klinge M, Bat-Enerel B, Ariunbaatar T, Tuya D (2019). Effects of forest fragmentation on organic carbon pool densities in the Mongolian forest-steppe. For Ecol Manage, 433: 780–788

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagle R A, Risi C, Mitchell J L, Eiler J M, Seibt U, Neelin J D, Li G, Tripati A K (2013). High regional climate sensitivity over continental China constrained by glacial-recent changes in temperature and the hydrological cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 110(22): 8813–8818

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimi M, Sarikhani M R, Sinegani A A S, Ahmadi A, Keesstra S (2019). Estimating the soil respiration under different land uses using artificial neural network and linear regression models. Catena, 174: 371–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans S E, Wallenstein M D (2012). Soil microbial community response to drying and rewetting stress: does historical precipitation regime matter? Biogeochemistry, 109(1–3): 101–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Eze S, Palmer S M, Chapman P J (2018). Negative effects of climate change on upland grassland productivity and carbon fluxes are not attenuated by nitrogen status. Sci Total Environ, 637–638: 398–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Falloon P, Jones C D, Ades M, Paul K (2011). Direct soil moisture controls of future global soil carbon changes: an important source of uncertainty. Global Biogeochem Cycles, 25(3): GB3010

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauset S, Baker T R, Lewis S L, Feldpausch T R, Affum-Baffoe K, Foli E G, Hamer K C, Swaine M D (2012). Drought-induced shifts in the floristic and functional composition of tropical forests in Ghana. Ecol Lett, 15(10): 1120–1129

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford C R, McGee J, Scandellari F, Hobbie E A, Mitchell R J (2012). Long-and short-term precipitation effects on soil CO2 efflux and total belowground carbon allocation. Agric Meteorol, 156: 54–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Franks P J, Drake P L, Froend R H (2007). Anisohydric but isohydrodynamic: seasonally constant plant water potential gradient explained by a stomatal control mechanism incorporating variable plant hydraulic conductance. Plant Cell Environ, 30(1): 19–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganjurjav H, Hu G, Wan Y, Li Y, Danjiu L, Gao Q (2018). Different responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to warming in three types of alpine grassland on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Ecol Evol, 8(3): 1507–1520

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Xia J, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Kong Q, Lang Y (2017). Effects of extreme soil water stress on photosynthetic efficiency and water consumption characteristics of Tamarix chinensis in China’s Yellow River Delta. J For Res, 28(3): 491–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Gidey E, Dikinya O, Sebego R, Segosebe E, Zenebe A (2018). Predictions of future meteorological drought hazard (∼ 2070) under the representative concentration path (RCP) 4.5 climate change scenarios in raya, northern ethiopia. Model Earth Syst Environ, 4(2): 475–488

    Google Scholar 

  • Green J K, Seneviratne S I, Berg A M, Findell K L, Hagemann S, Lawrence D M, Gentine P (2019). Large influence of soil moisture on long-term terrestrial carbon uptake. Nature, 565(7740): 476–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimstead D N, Reynolds A C, Hudson A M, Akins N J, Betancourt J L (2016). Reduced population variance in strontium isotope ratios informs domesticated turkey use at Chaco Canyon, New Mmexico, USA. J Archaeol Method Theory, 23(1): 127–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Cheng J, Luedeling E, Koerner S E, He J S, Xu J, Gang C, Li W, Luo R, Peng C (2017). Critical climate periods for grassland productivity on China’s Loess Plateau. Agric Meteorol, 233: 101–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Han D, Wang G, Liu T, Xue B L, Kuczera G, Xu X (2018). Hydroclimatic response of evapotranspiration partitioning to prolonged droughts in semiarid grassland. J Hydrol (Amst), 563: 766–777

    Google Scholar 

  • Harde H (2017). Scrutinizing the carbon cycle and CO2 residence time in the atmosphere. Global Planet Change, 152: 19–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper C W, Blair J M, Fay P A, Knapp A K, Carlisle J D (2005). Increased rainfall variability and reduced rainfall amount decreases soil CO2 flux in a grassland ecosystem. Glob Change Biol, 11(2): 322–334

    Google Scholar 

  • He B, Liu J, Guo L, Wu X, Xie X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhong Z, Chen Z (2018). Recovery of ecosystem carbon and energy fluxes from the 2003 drought in Europe and the 2012 drought in the United States. Geophys Res Lett, 45(10): 4879–4888

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitschmidt R, Haferkamp M(2003). Ecological consequences of drought and grazing on grasslands of the Northern Great Plains. Book Chapter, 207–226

  • Heitschmidt R, Vermeire L (2006). Can abundant summer precipitation counter losses in herbage production caused by spring drought? Rangeland Ecol Manag, 59(4): 392–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Heschel M S, Riginos C (2005). Mechanisms of selection for drought stress tolerance and avoidance in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae). Am J Bot, 92(1): 37–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofer D, Suter M, Haughey E, Finn J A, Hoekstra N J, Buchmann N, Lüscher A (2016). Yield of temperate forage grassland species is either largely resistant or resilient to experimental summer drought. J Appl Ecol, 53(4): 1023–1034

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover D L, Rogers B M (2016). Not all droughts are created equal: the impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling. Glob Change Biol, 22(5): 1809–1820

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover D L, Knapp A K, Smith M D (2017). Photosynthetic responses of a dominant C4 grass to an experimental heat wave are mediated by soil moisture. Oecologia, 183(1): 303–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Zhai J, Jiang T, Wang Y, Li X, Wang R, Xiong M, Su B, Fischer T (2018). Analysis of future drought characteristics in china using the regional climate model cclm. Clim Dyn, 50(1–2): 507–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang L, He B, Han L, Liu J, Wang H, Chen Z (2017). A global examination of the response of ecosystem water-use efficiency to drought based on MODIS data. Sci Total Environ, 601–602: 1097–1107

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussain M, Grünwald T, Tenhunen J, Li Y, Mirzae H, Bernhofer C, Otieno D, Dinh N, Schmidt M, Wartinger M, Owen K (2011). Summer drought influence on CO2 and water fluxes of extensively managed grassland in Germany. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 141(1–2): 67–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingrisch J, Karlowsky S, Anadon-Rosell A, Hasibeder R, König A, Augusti A, Gleixner G, Bahn M (2018). Land use alters the drought responses of productivity and CO2 fluxes in mountain grassland. Ecosystems (NY), 21(4): 689–703

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaksic V, Kiely G, Albertson J, Oren R, Katul G, Leahy P, Byrne K A (2006). Net ecosystem exchange of grassland in contrasting wet and dry years. Agric Meteorol, 139(3–4): 323–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Jentsch A, Kreyling J, Elmer M, Gellesch E, Glaser B, Grant K, Hein R, Lara M, Mirzae H, Nadler S E, Nagy L, Otieno D, Pritsch K, Rascher U, Schädler M, Schloter M, Singh B K, Stadler J, Walter J, Wellstein C, Wöllecke J, Beierkuhnlein C (2011). Climate extremes initiate ecosystem-regulating functions while maintaining productivity. J Ecol, 99(3): 689–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeong Y W, Choi S K, Choi Y S, Kim S J (2015). Production of biocrude-oil from swine manure by fast pyrolysis and analysis of its characteristics. Renew Energy, 79: 14–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia B, Wang Y, Xie Z (2018). Responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to drought over china: modeling sensitivities of the interactive nitrogen and dynamic vegetation. Ecol Modell, 368: 52–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia H, Zhang Y, Tian S, Emon R M, Yang X, Yan H, Wu T, Lu W, Siddique K H M, Han T (2017). Reserving winter snow for the relief of spring drought by film mulching in northeast China. Field Crops Res, 209: 58–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Xu Z, Zhou G, Liu T (2016). Elevated CO2 can modify the response to a water status gradient in a steppe grass: from cell organelles to photosynthetic capacity to plant growth. BMC Plant Biol, 16(1): 157–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongen M, Pereira J S, Aires L M I, Pio C A (2011). The effects of drought and timing of precipitation on the inter-annual variation in ecosystem-atmosphere exchange in a Mediterranean grassland. Agric Meteorol, 151(5): 595–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Joos O, Hagedorn F, Heim A, Gilgen A, Schmidt M, Siegwolf R, Buchmann N (2010). Summer drought reduces total and litter-derived soil CO2 effluxes intemperate grassland-clues from a 13C litter addition experiment. Biogeosciences, 7(3): 1031–1041

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallenbach C M, Conant R T, Calderón F, Wallenstein M D (2019). A novel soil amendment for enhancing soil moisture retention and soil carbon in drought-prone soils. Geoderma, 337: 256–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Kardol P, Cregger M A, Campany C E, Classen A T (2010). Soil ecosystem functioning under climate change: plant species and community effects. Ecology, 91(3): 767–781

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlowsky S, Augusti A, Ingrisch J, Hasibeder R, Lange M, Lavorel S, Bahn M, Gleixner G (2018). Land use in mountain grasslands alters drought response and recovery of carbon allocation and plant-microbial interactions. J Ecol, 106(3): 1230–1243

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalifa M, Elagib N A, Ribbe L, Schneider K (2018). Spatio-temporal variations in climate, primary productivity and efficiency of water and carbon use of the land cover types in Sudan and Ethiopia. Sci Total Environ, 624: 790–806

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim D, Lee M I, Seo E (2019). Improvement of soil respiration parameterization in a dynamic global vegetation model and its impact on the simulation of terrestrial carbon fluxes. J Clim, 32(1): 127–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Kipling R P, Virkajärvi P, Breitsameter L, Curnel Y, De Swaef T, Gustavsson A M, Hennart S, Höglind M, Järvenranta K, Minet J, Nendel C, Persson T, Picon-Cochard C, Rolinski S, Sandars D L, Scollan N D, Sebek L, Seddaiu G, Topp C F E, Twardy S, Van Middelkoop J, Wu L, Bellocchi G (2016). Key challenges and priorities for modelling European grasslands under climate change. Sci Total Environ, 566–567: 851–864

    Google Scholar 

  • Knapp A K, Beier C, Briske D D, Classen A T, Luo Y, Reichstein M, Smith M D, Smith S D, Bell J E, Fay P A, Heisler J L, Leavitt S W, Sherry R, Smith B, Weng E (2008). Consequences of more extreme precipitation regimes for terrestrial ecosystems. Bioscience, 58(9): 811–821

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukumägi M, Ostonen I, Uri V, Helmisaari H S, Kanal A, Kull O, Lõhmus K (2017). Variation of soil respiration and its components in hemiboreal Norway spruce stands of different ages. Plant Soil, 414(1–2): 265–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwon H, Pendall E, Ewers B E, Cleary M, Naithani K (2008). Spring drought regulates summer net ecosystem CO2 exchange in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Agric Meteorol, 148(3): 381–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Larionov G A, Bushueva O G, Dobrovol’Skaya N G, Kiryukhina Z P, Litvin L F, Krasnov S F (2016). Assessing the contribution of nonhydraulic forces to the destruction of bonds between soil particles during water erosion. Eurasian Soil Sci, 49(5): 546–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei T, Pang Z, Wang X, Li L, Fu J, Kan G, Zhang X, Ding L, Li J, Huang S, Shao C (2016). Drought and carbon cycling of grassland ecosystems under global change: a review. Water, 8(10): 460

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei T, Wu J, Li X, Geng G, Shao C, Zhou H, Wang Q, Liu L (2015). A new framework for evaluating the impacts of drought on net primary productivity of grassland. Sci Total Environ, 536: 161–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Dong Y, Qi Y C, Geng Y B (2004). Impact of extreme drought on the fluxes of CO2, CH4, N2O from temperate steppe ecosystems. Resour Sci, 26(3): 89–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Liu Y, Harris P, Sint H, Murray P J, Lee M R F, Wu L (2017). Assessment of soil water, carbon and nitrogen cycling in reseeded grassland on the North Wyke Farm Platform using a process-based model. Sci Total Environ, 603–604: 27–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Fan W, Kang X, Wang Y, Cui X, Xu C, Griffin K, Hao Y (2016). Responses of greenhouse gas fluxes to climate extremes in a semiarid grassland. Atmos Environ, 142: 32–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Li P, Zhang L, Yu G, Liu C, Ren X, He H, Liu M, Wang H, Zhu J, Ge R, Zeng N (2018). Interactive effects of seasonal drought and nitrogen deposition on carbon fluxes in a subtropical evergreen coniferous forest in the East Asian monsoon region. Agric Meteorol, 263: 90–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Chen L, Wen H, Zhou T, Zhang T, Gao X (2014). 454 pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity revealed by a comparative study of soils from mining subsidence and reclamation areas. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 24(3): 313–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Li J, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Sha L, Grace J, Song Q, Zhou W, Chen A, Li P, Zhang S (2018). The influence of drought strength on soil respiration in a woody savanna ecosystem, southwest China. Plant Soil, 428(1–2): 321–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang Q, Du X, Li J, Gang C, Zhou W, Wang Z (2019). Evaluating the responses of net primary productivity and carbon use efficiency of global grassland to climate variability along an aridity gradient. Sci Total Environ, 652: 671–682

    Google Scholar 

  • Longo M, Knox R G, Levine N M, Alves L F, Bonal D, Camargo P B, Fitzjarrald D R, Hayek M N, Restrepo-Coupe N, Saleska S R, da Silva R, Stark S C, Tapajös R P, Wiedemann K T, Zhang K, Wofsy S C, Moorcroft P R (2018). Ecosystem heterogeneity and diversity mitigate Amazon forest resilience to frequent extreme droughts. New Phytol, 219(3): 914–931

    Google Scholar 

  • Louhaichi M, Tastad A (2010). The Syrian steppe: past trends, current status, and future priorities. Rangelands, 32(2): 2–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo Y, Zhou X (2010). Soil Respiration and the Environment. Norman: Academic Press, 3–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma Q, Zhang J, Wang R, Ha S, Zhu M, Li D (2016). System design of loss fast evaluation for grassland drought disaster based on RS, GIS and GPS. In: 7th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC-2016). Changsha: Springer, 759–763

    Google Scholar 

  • Malone S L, Tulbure M G, Pérez-Luque A J, Assal T J, Bremer L L, Drucker D P, Hillis V, Varela S, Goulden M L (2016). Drought resistance across California ecosystems: evaluating changes in carbon dynamics using satellite imagery. Ecosphere, 7(11): e01561

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzoni S, Schaeffer S M, Katul G, Porporato A, Schimel J P (2014). A theoretical analysis of microbial eco-physiological and diffusion limitations to carbon cycling in drying soils. Soil Biol Biochem, 73: 69–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzoni S, Taylor P, Richter A, Porporato A, Ågren G I (2012). Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon-use efficiency in soils. New Phytol, 196(1): 79–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Martí-Roura M, Casals P, Romanyà J (2011). Temporal changes in soil organic C under Mediterranean shrublands and grasslands: impact of fire and drought. Plant Soil, 338(1–2): 289–300

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowell N, Pockman W T, Allen C D, Breshears D D, Cobb N, Kolb T, Plaut J, Sperry J, West A, Williams D G, Yepez E A (2008). Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytol, 178(4): 719–739

    Google Scholar 

  • Miranda A, Miranda H, Lloyd J, Grace J, Francey R, McIntyre J, Meir P, Riggan P, Lockwood R, Brass J (1997). Fluxes of carbon, water and energy over Brazilian cerrado: an analysis using eddy covariance and stable isotopes. Plant Cell Environ, 20(3): 315–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirzaei H, Kreyling J, Zaman Hussain M, Li Y, Tenhunen J, Beierkuhnlein C, Jentsch A (2008). A single drought event of 100-year recurrence enhances subsequent carbon uptake and changes carbon allocation in experimental grassland communities. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 171(5): 681–689

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra A K, Singh V P (2011). Drought modeling—a review. J Hydrol (Amst), 403(1–2): 157–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller B, Seneviratne S I (2012). Hot days induced by precipitation deficits at the global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 109(31): 12398–12403

    Google Scholar 

  • Neely C, Bunning S, Wilkes A (2009). Review of evidence on drylands pastoral systems and climate change: implications and opportunities for mitigation and adaptation. In: Land Tenure and Management Unit (NRLA), FAO. Rome: 1–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Niboyet A, Bardoux G, Barot S, Bloor J M (2017). Elevated CO2 mediates the short-term drought recovery of ecosystem function in low-diversity grassland systems. Plant Soil, 420(1–2): 289–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Nogueira C, Bugalho M N, Pereira J S, Caldeira M C (2017). Extended autumn drought, but not nitrogen deposition, affects the diversity and productivity of a mediterranean grassland. Environ Exp Bot, 138: 99–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Nogueira C, Nunes A, Bugalho M N, Branquinho C, McCulley R L, Caldeira M C (2018). Nutrient addition and drought interact to change the structure and decrease the functional diversity of a Mediterranean grassland. Front Ecol Evol, 6: 155

    Google Scholar 

  • Nogueira C, Werner C, Rodrigues A, Caldeira M C (2019). A prolonged dry season and nitrogen deposition interactively affect CO2 fluxes in an annual Mediterranean grassland. Sci Total Environ, 654: 978–986

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak R S (2017). Average is best. Nat Clim Chang, 7(2): 101–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Obermeier W A, Lehnert L W, Kammann C I, Müller C, Grünhage L, Luterbacher J, Erbs M, Moser G, Seibert R, Yuan N, Bendix J (2017). Reduced CO2 fertilization effect in temperate C3 grasslands under more extreme weather conditions. Nat Clim Chang, 7(2): 137–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa-Hueso R, Collins S L, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Hamonts K, Pockman W T, Sinsabaugh R L, Smith M D, Knapp A K, Power S A (2018). Drought consistently alters the composition of soil fungal and bacterial communities in grasslands from two continents. Glob Change Biol, 24(7): 2818–2827

    Google Scholar 

  • Padgham J, Jabbour J, Dietrich K (2015). Managing change and building resilience: a multi-stressor analysis of urban and peri-urban agriculture in africa and asia. Urban Climate, 12: 183–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck M R, Kaina G S, Hazell R J, Isua B, Alok C, Paul L, Stewart A J (2017). Estimating carbon stock in lowland Papua New Guinean forest: low density of large trees results in lower than global average carbon stock. Austral Ecol, 42(8): 964–975

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng D, Zhang B, Wu C, Huete A R, Gonsamo A, Lei L, Ponce-Campos G E, Liu X, Wu Y (2017). Country-level net primary production distribution and response to drought and land cover change. Sci Total Environ, 574: 65–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Perveen N, Barot S, Alvarez G, Klumpp K, Martin R, Rapaport A, Herfurth D, Louault F, Fontaine S (2014). Priming effect and microbial diversity in ecosystem functioning and response to global change: a modeling approach using the SYMPHONY model. Glob Change Biol, 20(4): 1174–1190

    Google Scholar 

  • Valluru R, Davies W J, Reynolds M P, Dodd I C (2016). Foliar abscisic acid-to-ethylene accumulation and response regulate shoot growth sensitivity to mild drought in wheat. Front Plant Sci, 7: 461

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichstein M, Bahn M, Ciais P, Frank D, Mahecha M D, Seneviratne S I, Zscheischler J, Beer C, Buchmann N, Frank D C, Papale D, Rammig A, Smith P, Thonicke K, van der Velde M, Vicca S, Walz A, Wattenbach M (2013). Climate extremes and the carbon cycle. Nature, 500(7462): 287–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Riis T, Levi P S, Baattrup-Pedersen A, Jeppesen K G, Rosenhøj Leth S (2017). Experimental drought changes ecosystem structure and function in a macrophyte-rich stream. Aquat Sci, 79(4): 841–853

    Google Scholar 

  • Roby M C, Salas Fernandez M G, Heaton E A, Miguez F E, Vanloocke A (2017). Biomass sorghum and maize have similar water-use-efficiency under non-drought conditions in the rain-fed midwest US. Agric Meteorol, 247: 434–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy J, Picon-Cochard C, Augusti A, Benot M L, Thiery L, Darsonville O, Landais D, Piel C, Defossez M, Devidal S, Escape C, Ravel O, Fromin N, Volaire F, Milcu A, Bahn M, Soussana J F (2016). Elevated CO2 maintains grassland net carbon uptake under a future heat and drought extreme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113(22): 6224–6229

    Google Scholar 

  • Saladyga T, Hessl A, Nachin B, Pederson N (2013). Privatization, drought, and fire exclusion in the Tuul River watershed, Mongolia. Ecosystems (NY), 16(6): 1139–1151

    Google Scholar 

  • Salehnia N, Alizadeh A, Sanaeinejad H, Bannayan M, Zarrin A, Hoogenboom G (2017). Estimation of meteorological drought indices based on agmerra precipitation data and station-observed precipitation data. J Arid Land, 9(6): 797–809

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanaullah M, Chabbi A, Girardin C, Durand J L, Poirier M, Rumpel C (2014). Effects of drought and elevated temperature on biochemical composition of forage plants and their impact on carbon storage in grassland soil. Plant Soil, 374(1–2): 767–778

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanaullah M, Chabbi A, Rumpel C, Kuzyakov Y (2012). Carbon allocation in grassland communities under drought stress followed by 14C pulse labeling. Soil Biol Biochem, 55: 132–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Sándor R, Barcza Z, Acutis M, Doro L, Hidy D, Köchy M, Minet J, Lellei-Kovács E, Ma S, Perego A, Rolinski S, Ruget F, Sanna M, Seddaiu G, Wu L, Bellocchi G (2017). Multi-model simulation of soil temperature, soil water content and biomass in Euro-Mediterranean grasslands: uncertainties and ensemble performance. Eur J Agron, 88: 22–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayer E J, Oliver A E, Fridley J D, Askew A P, Mills R T E, Grime J P (2017). Links between soil microbial communities and plant traits in a species-rich grassland under long-term climate change. Ecol Evol, 7(3): 855–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Scasta J D, Thacker E T, Hovick T J, Engle D M, Allred B W, Fuhlendorf S D, Weir J R (2016). Patch-burn grazing (pbg) as a livestock management alternative for fire-prone ecosystems of north America. Renew Agric Food Syst, 31(6): 550–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrama M, Bardgett R D (2016). Grassland invasibility varies with drought effects on soil functioning. J Ecol, 104(5): 1250–1258

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott R L, Hamerlynck E P, Jenerette G D, Moran M S, Barron-Gafford G A(2010). Carbon dioxide exchange in a semidesert grassland through drought-induced vegetation change. J Geophys Res-Biogeo, (2005–2012): 115

  • Scott R L, Jenerette G D, Potts D L, Huxman T.E(2009). Effects of seasonal drought on net carbon dioxide exchange from a woody-plant-encroached semiarid grassland. J Geophys Res-Biogeo, (2005–2012): 114

  • Scurlock J, Hall D (1998). The global carbon sink: a grassland perspective. Glob Change Biol, 4(2): 229–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Prudhomme C, Giuntoli I, Robinson E L, Clark D B, Arnell N W, Dankers R, Fekete B M, Franssen W, Gerten D, Gosling S N, Hagemann S, Hannah D M, Kim H, Masaki Y, Satoh Y, Stacke T, Wada Y, Wisser D (2014). Hydrological droughts in the 21st century, hotspots and uncertainties from a global multimodel ensemble experiment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 111(9): 3262–3267

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinoda M, Nachinshonhor G, Nemoto M (2010). Impact of drought on vegetation dynamics of the Mongolian steppe: a field experiment. J Arid Environ, 74(1): 63–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha B, Maskey S, Babel M S, van Griensven A, Uhlenbrook S (2018). Sediment related impacts of climate change and reservoir development in the Lower Mekong River Basin: a case study of the Nam Ou basin, Lao PDR. Clim Change, 149(1): 13–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Signarbieux C, Feller U (2012). Effects of an extended drought period on physiological properties of grassland species in the field. J Plant Res, 125(2): 251–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith M D (2011). An ecological perspective on extreme climatic events: a synthetic definition and framework to guide future research. J Ecol, 99(3): 656–663

    Google Scholar 

  • Song X, Wang Y, Lv X (2016). Responses of plant biomass, photosynthesis and lipid peroxidation to warming and precipitation change in two dominant species (Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis) from North China Grasslands. Ecol Evol, 6(6): 1871–1882

    Google Scholar 

  • Soussana J F, Soussana J F, Loiseau P, Vuichard N, Ceschia E, Balesdent J, Chevallier T, Arrouays D (2004). Carbon cycling and sequestration opportunities in temperate grasslands. Soil Use Manage, 20(2): 219–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Sponseller R A (2007). Precipitation pulses and soil CO2 flux in a Sonoran Desert ecosystem. Glob Change Biol, 13(2): 426–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli A, Bloor J M G, Fischer M, Zeiter M (2018). High land-use intensity exacerbates shifts in grassland vegetation composition after severe experimental drought. Glob Change Biol, 24(5): 2021–2034

    Google Scholar 

  • Su P, Lou J, Brookes P C, Luo Y, He Y, Xu J (2017). Taxon-specific responses of soil microbial communities to different soil priming effects induced by addition of plant residues and their biochars. J Soils Sediments, 17(3): 674–684

    Google Scholar 

  • Suseela V, Conant R T, Wallenstein M D, Dukes J S (2012). Effects of soil moisture on the temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration vary seasonally in an old-field climate change experiment. Glob Change Biol, 18(1): 336–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang L L, Cai X B, Gong W S, Lu J Z, Chen X L, Lei Q, Yu G L (2018). Increased vegetation greenness aggravates water conflicts during lasting and intensifying drought in the Poyang Lake Watershed, China. Forests, 9(1): 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Tardieu F, Granier C, Muller B (2011). Water deficit and growth. Co-ordinating processes without an orchestrator? Curr Opin Plant Biol, 14(3): 283–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Tessema Z K, de Boer W F, Prins H H T (2016). Changes in grass plant populations and temporal soil seed bank dynamics in a semi-arid African savanna: implications for restoration. J Environ Manage, 182: 166–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiessen S, Gleixner G, Wutzler T, Reichstein M (2013). Both priming and temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition depend on microbial biomass-an incubation study. Soil Biol Biochem, 57: 739–748

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomey M L, Ford P L, Reeves M C, Finch D M, Litvak M E, Collins S L (2014). Climate change impacts on future carbon stores and management of warm deserts of the United States. Rangelands, 36(1): 16–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson L J, Macfadyen S, Hoffmann A A (2010). Predicting the effects of climate change on natural enemies of agricultural pests. Biol Control, 52(3): 296–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe J (2011). Vulnerability of Prairie Grasslands to Climate Change; No. 12855-2E11; Saskatchewan Research Council: Saskatoon

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollerud H, Brown J, Loveland T, Mahmood R, Bliss N (2018). Drought and land-cover conditions in the great plains. Earth Interact, 22(17): 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Trifilò P, Casolo V, Raimondo F, Petrussa E, Boscutti F, Lo Gullo M A, Nardini A (2017). Effects of prolonged drought on stem non-structural carbohydrates content and post-drought hydraulic recovery in Laurus Nobilis L.: the possible link between carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. Plant Physiol Biochem, 120: 232–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Trzcinski M K, Srivastava D S, Corbara B, Dézerald O, Leroy C, Carrias J F, Dejean A, Céréghino R (2016). The effects of food web structure on ecosystem function exceeds those of precipitation. J Anim Ecol, 85(5): 1147–1160

    Google Scholar 

  • Tubi A, Feitelson E (2019). Changing drought vulnerabilities of marginalized resource-dependent groups: a long-term perspective of Israel’s Negev Bedouin. Reg Environ Change, 19(2): 477–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbanek E, Doerr S H (2017). CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency. Biogeosciences, 14(20): 4781–4794

    Google Scholar 

  • Valliere J M, Irvine I C, Santiago L, Allen E B (2017). High N, dry: experimental nitrogen deposition exacerbates native shrub loss and nonnative plant invasion during extreme drought. Glob Change Biol, 23(10): 4333–4345

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Molen M K, Dolman A J, Ciais P, Eglin T, Gobron N, Law B E, Meir P, Peters W, Phillips O L, Reichstein M, Chen T, Dekker S C, Doubková M, Friedl M A, Jung M, van den Hurk B J J M, de Jeu R A M, Kruijt B, Ohta T, Rebel K T, Plummer S, Seneviratne S I, Sitch S, Teuling A J, van der Werf G R, Wang G (2011). Drought and ecosystem carbon cycling. Agric Meteorol, 151(7): 765–773

    Google Scholar 

  • van Eekeren N, Bommelé L, Bloem J, Schouten T, Rutgers M, de Goede R, Reheul D, Brussaard L (2008). Soil biological quality after 36 years of ley-arable cropping, permanent grassland and permanent arable cropping. Appl Soil Ecol, 40(3): 432–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Varga B, Vida G, Varga-László E, Hoffmann B, Veisz O (2017). Combined effect of drought stress and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on the yield parameters and water use properties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes. J Agron Crop Sci, 203 (3): 192–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas J, Paneque P (2019). Challenges for the integration of water resource and drought-risk management in Spain. Sustainability, 11(2): 308

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagena M B, Sommerlot A, Abiy A Z, Collick A S, Langan S, Fuka D R, Easton Z M (2016). Climate change in the Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia: implications for water resources and sediment transport. Clim Change, 139(2): 229–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldrop M P, Holloway J M, Smith D B, Goldhaber M B, Drenovsky R E, Scow K M, Dick R, Howard D, Wylie B, Grace J B (2017). The interacting roles of climate, soils, and plant production on soil microbial communities at a continental scale. Ecology, 98(7): 1957–1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter J, Nagy L, Hein R, Rascher U, Beierkuhnlein C, Willner E, Jentsch A (2011). Do plants remember drought? Hints towards a drought-memory in grasses. Environ Exp Bot, 71(1): 34–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J S, Kawa S R, Collatz G J, Sasakawa M, Gatti L V, Machida T, Liu Y, Manyin M (2018a). A global synthesis inversion analysis of recent variability in CO2 fluxes using gosat and in situ observations. Atmos Chem Phys, 18(15): 11097–11124

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Shen C, Sun B, Wang X. N, Wei D, Liu L Y (2018a). Effects of drought stress on C, N and P stoichiometry of Ulmus pumila seedlings in Horqin sandy land, China. J of Appl Ecol, 29(7): 2286–2294

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Hu C, Dong W, Li X, Zhang Y, Qin S, Oenema O (2015). Carbon budget of a winter-wheat and summer-maize rotation cropland in the North China Plain. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 206: 33–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Hao Y, Cui X Y, Zhao H, Xu C, Zhou X, Xu Z (2014). Responses of soil respiration and its components to drought stress. J Soils Sediments, 14(1): 99–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Ma Q, Wang J, Chen S, Fan Y, Deng L (2018b). Empirical study on agricultural drought adaptation of typical rainfed areas in Shidian County, China. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct, 28: 394–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Weißhuhn K, Auge H, Prati D (2011). Geographic variation in the response to drought in nine grassland species. Basic Appl Ecol, 12(1): 21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitford W, Steinberger Y (2012). Effects of seasonal grazing, drought, fire, and carbon enrichment on soil microarthropods in a desert grassland. J Arid Environ, 83: 10–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams N, Holland K (2007). The ecology and invasion history of hawkweeds (Hieracium species) in Australia. Plant Prot Q, 22(2): 76–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao L, Zhang Y, Li P, Xu G, Shi P, Zhang Y (2019). Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on aggregate-associated organic carbon and glomalin-related soil protein in natural-succession grassland and chinese pine forest on the loess plateau. Geoderma, 334: 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Li Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Hao Q, Cui Y, Yang S, Liu M, Wang H, Gielen G, Song Z (2018). Soil organic carbon in particle-size fractions under three grassland types in Inner Mongolia, China. J Soils Sediments, 18(5): 1896–1905

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao Y, Zhang H, Biederman J A, Li L, Cui X, Xue K, Du J, Wang Y (2018). Seasonal timing regulates extreme drought impacts on CO2 and H2O exchanges over semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia, China. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 266: 153–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Tian H, Pan S, Chen G, Zhang B, Dangal S (2018). Amazon drought and forest response: largely reduced forest photosynthesis but slightly increased canopy greenness during the extreme drought of 2015/2016. Glob Change Biol, 24(5): 1919–1934

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuhui W, Jiquan C, Guangsheng Z, Changliang S, Jun C, Yu W, Jianmin S (2018). Predominance of precipitation event controls ecosystem CO2 exchange in an Inner Mongolian desert grassland, China. J Clean Prod, 197(1): 781–793

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuste J C, Penuelas J, Estiarte M, Garcia-Mas J, Mattana S, Ogaya R, Pujol M, Sardans J (2011). Drought-resistant fungi control soil organic matter decomposition and its response to temperature. Glob Change Biol, 17(3): 1475–1486

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaka S, Ahmed L Q, Escobar-Gutiérrez A J, Gastal F, Julier B, Louarn G (2017). How variable are non-linear developmental responses to temperature in two perennial forage species? Agric Meteorol, 232: 433–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaka S, Frak E, Julier B, Gastal F, Louarn G (2016). Intraspecific variation in thermal acclimation of photosynthesis across a range of temperatures in a perennial crop. AoB Plants, 8

  • Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhao J, Wu Q, Zhao Z, Cai T (2015). Mechanisms for the relationships between water-use efficiency and carbon isotope composition and specific leaf area of maize (zea maysl.) under water stress. Plant Growth Regul, 77(2): 233–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao M, Running S W (2010). Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009. Science, 329(5994): 940–943

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhong Y, Yan W, Zong Y, Shangguan Z (2016). Biotic and abiotic controls on the diel and seasonal variation in soil respiration and its components in a wheat field under long-term nitrogen fertilization. Field Crops Res, 199: 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou L, Wang S, Chi Y, Ju W, Huang K, Mickler R, Wang M, Yu Q (2018). Changes in the carbon and water fluxes of subtropical forest ecosystems in south-western China related to drought. Water, 10(7): 821–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou X, Sherry R A, An Y, Wallace L L, Luo Y (2006). Main and interactive effects of warming, clipping, and doubled precipitation on soil CO2 efflux in a grassland ecosystem. Global Biogeochem Cycles, 20(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwicke M, Alessio G A, Thiery L, Falcimagne R, Baumont R, Rossignol N, Soussana J F, Picon-Cochard C (2013). Lasting effects of climate disturbance on perennial grassland above-ground biomass production under two cutting frequencies. Glob Change Biol, 19(11): 3435–3448

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41601569 and 51779269), National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2017YFC1502404 and 2017YFB0503005), and IWHR Research & Development Support Program (No. JZ0145B-612016). Thanks to Barbara Ryan for the language polishing and modification of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 100038, China

    Tianjie Lei, Jie Feng, Cuiying Zheng, Shuguang Li, Yang Wang, Jingxuan Lu, Guangyuan Kan, Jinsheng Jia & Hui Cheng

  2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing, 100038, China

    Tianjie Lei, Jie Feng, Cuiying Zheng, Shuguang Li, Yang Wang, Jingxuan Lu, Guangyuan Kan, Jinsheng Jia & Hui Cheng

  3. Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China

    Zhitao Wu

  4. National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Changliang Shao

  5. Department of Geography/CGCEO, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA

    Changliang Shao

  6. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Hui Cheng

Authors
  1. Tianjie Lei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jie Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cuiying Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shuguang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhitao Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jingxuan Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Guangyuan Kan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Changliang Shao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Jinsheng Jia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Hui Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jinsheng Jia or Hui Cheng.

Additional information

Author Biography

Tianjie Lei is an associate professor who received his doctorate degree from Beijing Normal University in 2015. With his major study direction in emergency monitoring and impact assessment of wide range extreme drought, Dr. Lei is presiding over more than 5 projects of the National Key R&D Program of China, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In the past five years, he has published more than 30 papers, among which 20 are the first or correspondence author. He obtained a grade two prize from the Da Yu Water Science and Technology Progress Award in 2018. He currently serves as a peer reviewer for journals such as the International Journal of Remote Sensing, Water, and Science of the Total Environment.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lei, T., Feng, J., Zheng, C. et al. Review of drought impacts on carbon cycling in grassland ecosystems. Front. Earth Sci. 14, 462–478 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-019-0778-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-019-0778-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation