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Rapid and Low Cost Determination of Total Mercury in Cat Foods by Photochemical Vapor Generation Coupled to Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Abstract

A rapid and low-cost method for determination of total mercury (THg) in cat food was developed based on photochemical vapor generation (PVG) coupled to cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). Cat food samples with ingredients based on tuna fish and other seafood were investigated. Organic acid precursor and concentration for radical generation and Hg photoreduction, sample UV irradiation time, and carrier gas flow were optimized. Highest PVG efficiency was achieved using 10% v v−1 formic acid, 4-s UV irradiation time, and a carrier gas flow of 50 mL min−1. The calibration function presented a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Accuracy was confirmed by analysis of Certified Reference Materials with recoveries of 93–110% and relative standard deviation lower than 6%. Under optimized conditions, a procedural detection limit of 0.28 μg kg−1 was obtained. Determination of THg in 10 samples of cat food purchased in local markets revealed a concentration range of 0.035–0.388 mg kg−1. Highest concentrations were found in cat foods. Only one sample presented a concentration close to the regulatory limit of the European Commission Directive. Assuming the estimated daily food intake (EDI) calculated in a range of 0.0021 to 0.023 mg of THg per day per kg body weight, it is concluded that it remains below that considered lethal for cats. The methodology is efficient, simple, low cost, and fit for purpose.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Laboratório de Análise de Traço (LAT, UFC) for the use of instrumentation and all facilities. The authors are also grateful to Y. Gao (Chengdu University, China) for the flow-through lamp and R. Sturgeon (NRC-Ottawa, Canada) for scientific discussion.

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologias Analíticas Avançadas (INCTAA). N. F. Nobre and N. A. Silva are grateful for the scholarship by Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP) and CNPq.

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  1. Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil

    Nilvan A. Silva, Nandressa F. Nobre & Gisele S. Lopes

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  1. Nilvan A. Silva
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Silva, N.A., Nobre, N.F. & Lopes, G.S. Rapid and Low Cost Determination of Total Mercury in Cat Foods by Photochemical Vapor Generation Coupled to Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 1161–1169 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02216-6

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