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Phase petrographic, thermobarometric and petrochemical significance of Cretaceous mafic dykes along Nongchram Fault Zone of Swangkre–Rongmil area of Shillong plateau, NE India: Implications for genetic link to Kerguelen mantle plume

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Abstract

The present study elucidates the phase petrographic and petrochemical signatures of a group of Cretaceous mafic dykes emplaced in the Precambrian gneissic basement complex in the western part of the Shillong plateau, NE India, in order to trace their petrological, geotectonic, geothermobarometric and oxybarometric status. The whole rock geochemistry discriminates the dykes as basaltic andesites and basaltic trachyandesites genetically related to each other and derived from common parent magma. The enrichment in LREE relative to HREE and HFSE, systematic Nb anomalies, moderate MREE to HREE fractionation suggests variable depths of melting of slightly enriched mantle source in the garnet stability field. As per geochemical modelling, the studied dykes are derived by 3–5% non-modal batch melting of garnet peridotite source at melting depth of ~65–80 km. The clinopyroxene thermobarometry reveals a temperature span of 1250–800°C and < 2 kb pressure of crystallization for the dykes. The oxygen fugacity (16.82–18.25) indicates extremely reducing conditions at the time of cooling. The very good correlation of petrochemical and phase chemical data with Kerguelen plume derived Rajmahal Group II basalt, Sylhet volcanics and some ODP (ocean drilling project) sites from Kerguelen basalts implicate a genetic link of the studied dykes with Kerguelen mantle plume. Finally, the present study deciphers subalkaline nature of the studied dyke rocks that have been generated by tholeiitic magmas probably in an anorogenic extensional environment. But we need more geochemical data especially good isotope geochronologic data to get a clear picture of the studied dyke.

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Figure 1
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Data sources: Frey et al. 1996, 2002; Neal et al. 2002; Storey et al. 1992. Data for Sylhat trap tholeiites (IST) are after Islam et al. (2014).

Figure 5

Data sources: 1136, 1138, 1141, and 1142 from Neal et al. (2002), 1137 from Ingle et al. (2002b), 747, 749 and 750 from Storey et al. (2003). (c) Primitive mantle normalized (Sun and McDonough 1989) multielement pattern for NFZMD. (d) Primitive mantle normalized (Sun and McDonough 1989) multielement pattern for Kerguelen plateau ODP sites.

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Data sources: Frey et al. (1996, 2002); Neal et al. (2002); Storey et al. (1992); and Kent et al. (1997). Data for Sylhat trap tholeiites are after Ghatak and Basu (2011) and Islam et al. (2014).

Figure 13

Data sources: Frey et al. (1996, 2002); Neal et al. (2002); Storey et al. (1992); and Kent et al. (1997). Data for Sylhat trap tholeiites are after Ghatak and Basu (2011) and Islam et al. (2014). NFZMD samples show similar distribution to the En components of Kerguelen basalts as shown by Condie (2005).

Figure 14

Data sources: Frey et al. (1996, 2002); Neal et al. (2002); Storey et al. (1992); and Kent et al. (1997). Data for Sylhat trap tholeiites are after Ghatak and Basu (2011) and Islam et al. (2014). Tectonic discrimination diagrams (after Leterrier et al. 1982) based on the composition of clinopyroxene (calculated on the basis of 6 atoms of oxygen), for mafic dyke rocks from study area. (e) Ti vs. Al (total) plot show tholeiitic affinity for NFZMD. (f) Ti + Cr vs. Ca indicating extensional/anorogenic tectonic setting. (g) TiO2–Na2O–MnO Triangular diagram (after Nisbet and Pearce 1977) indicating OFB field. VAB: volcanic arc basalt; OFB: ocean floor basalt; WPT: within plate tholeiite; and WPA: within plate alkali basalt. (h) MgO–FeO–Al2O3 diagram (after Le Bas 1962) indicating rift related magmatism.

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Data sources: Frey et al. (1996, 2002); Neal et al. (2002); and Storey et al. (1992). Data for Sylhat trap (IST) are after Islam et al. (2014).

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Acknowledgements

The author is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for extending financial support for the work (SR/FTP/ES-40/2011). The anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged for their thorough and incisive review of this paper. Their constructive comments and suggestions have significantly improved the manuscript. I am indebted to Prof Santosh Kumar, Kumaun University, Nainital for his kind support and encouragement. Finally, the work is dedicated to late Prof Kali Prasad Sarma, Gauhati University, Assam, my PhD mentor, who inspired and encouraged me for pursuing research.

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    Niva Rani Devi

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Communicated by Rajneesh Bhutani

Supplementary materials pertaining to this article are available on the Journal of Earth Science Website (http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Earth_System_Science).

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Fig. S1

a-c Variation diagram of SiO2 vs. MgO, FeO(t) and CaO composition of Cpx (PDF 180 kb)

Fig. S2

a-c SiO2 vs CaO, Al2O3 and Na2O composition of Plag (PDF 225 kb)

Fig. S3

SiO2 vs whole rock major oxides (PDF 5 kb)

Fig. S4

Mg# vs whole rock major oxides (PDF 19 kb)

Fig. S5

Zr vs whole rock major oxide showing good crystallization trend (PDF 5 kb)

Fig. S6

Zr vs whole rock trace elements showing good crystallization trend (PDF 6 kb)

Fig. S7

MgO vs Fe2O3t plot showing olivine fractionation trend for NFZMD (TIFF 47 kb)

Table S1

Major oxide ratios of NFZMD as compared to OIB, CFB and N-MORB (DOCX 14 kb)

Table S2

Trace element ratios of dyke rocks compared to EMI-EMII-HIMU of OIB, Primitivemantle and N-MORB (DOCX 14 kb)

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Devi, N.R. Phase petrographic, thermobarometric and petrochemical significance of Cretaceous mafic dykes along Nongchram Fault Zone of Swangkre–Rongmil area of Shillong plateau, NE India: Implications for genetic link to Kerguelen mantle plume. J Earth Syst Sci 129, 79 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1323-2

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