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[11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine PET evaluation in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension: Effects of carvedilol of right ventricular sympathetic function

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Aims and scope

Abstract

Background

Little is known about the sequelae of chronic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right heart failure (RHF). We aimed to, (1) validate the use of [11C]-meta-hydroxyephedrine (HED) for assessing right ventricular (RV) SNS integrity, and (2) determine the effects of β-receptor blockade on ventricular function and myocardial SNS activity in a PAH rat model.

Methods

PAH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 36) using the Sugen+chronic hypoxia model. At week 5 post-injection, PAH rats were randomized to carvedilol (15 mg·kg−1·day−1 oral; N = 16) or vehicle (N = 16) for 4 weeks. Myocardial SNS function was assessed with HED positron emission tomography(PET).

Results

With increasing PAH disease severity, immunohistochemistry confirmed selective sympathetic denervation within the RV and sparing of parasympathetic nerves. These findings were confirmed on PET with a significant negative relationship between HED volume of distribution(DV) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in the RV (r = −0.90, p = 0.0003). Carvedilol did not reduce hemodynamic severity compared to vehicle. RV ejection fraction (EF) was lower in both PAH groups compared to control (p < 0.05), and was not further reduced by carvedilol. Carvedilol improved SNS function in the LV with significant increases in the HED DV, and decreased tracer washout in the LV (p < 0.05) but not RV.

Conclusions

PAH disease severity correlated with a reduction in HED DV in the RV. This was associated with selective sympathetic denervation. Late carvedilol treatment did not lead to recovery of RV function. These results support the role of HED imaging in assessing SNS innervation in a failing right ventricle.

Spanish Abstract

Antecedentes

Poco se sabe de las secuelas en la activación del sistema nervioso simpático (SNS) en pacientes con hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP) y falla cardíaca derecha (FCD). Nuestros objetivos fueron: (1) validar el uso de la 11C-Meta-hidroxiepinefrina (HED) para evaluar al ventrículo derecho y la integridad del SNS y (2) determinar los efectos del bloqueo de B-receptores en la función ventricular y la actividad miocárdica del SNS en un modelo murino de HAP.

Métodos

Se indujo HAP en modelos murinos Sprague-Dawley machos (n = 36) usando el modelo Sugen-hipoxia crónica. A la semana 5 postinyección, los modelos murinos con HAP fueron randomizados a carvedilol (15mg/kg/día oral n = 16) o vehículo (n = 16) durante 4 semanas. La función miocárdica del SNS fue evaluada con tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con HED.

Resultados

Con el incremento de la severidad de la HAP, por inmunohistoquímica se demostró denervación simpática selectiva y preservación de nervios parasimpáticos en el ventrículo derecho. Estos hallazgos fueron confirmados con la PET con una significativa relación inversa entre el volumen de distribución (VD) del HED y la presión sistólica (PSVD) en ventrículo derecho (r = 0.90, p = 0.0003). El Carveridol no redujo la severidad hemodinámica en comparación con el vehículo. La fracción de eyección (FE)del ventrículo derecho fue menor en ambos grupos con PAH comparada con el grupo control (p < 0.05) y no se redujo más con el uso del carveridol. El Carveridol mejoró la función del SNS en el ventrículo derecho con incremento significativo del HED VD, y una disminución en el lavado del radiotrazador por el ventrículo izquierdo (p < 0.05) pero no por el derecho.

Conclusiones

La severidad enfermedad por HAP se correlacionó con una reducción del HED VD en VD. Esto fue asociado con denervación simpática selectiva. El tratamiento tardío con carveridol no condujó a la recuperación de la función del VD. Estos resultados apoyan el rol de la imagen con HED para evaluar la inervación del SNS en el ventrículo derecho en falla.

Chinese Abstract

背景

对于肺动脉高压 (PAH) 和右心衰竭 (RHF) 患者的慢性交感神经系统 (SNS) 激活的后遗症知之甚少。 本文研究目标: 1)验证[11C]-间-羟基麻黄碱 (HED) 用于评估右心室SNS完整性, 2) 确定在PAH大鼠模型中β受体阻滞剂对改善心室功能和心肌SNS活性的作用。

方法

在雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠 (n = 36) 中使用Sugen +慢性缺氧模型诱导PAH。 在注射后第5周, 将PAH大鼠随机分为卡维地洛组 (15 mg / kg /天, 口服; n = 16) 和溶剂组 (n = 16), 共治疗4周。 采用HED正电子发射断层扫描 (PET)评估心肌SNS功能。

结果

随着PAH病情恶化, 免疫组化证实了右室选择性交感神经去神经化和副交感神经的保留。 这些发现在PET上得到证实, 右室的HED容积分布 (DV) 与右室收缩压 (RVSP) 之间存在显着的负相关 (r = -0.90,p = 0.0003) 。 与溶剂组相比, 卡维地洛组并不能降低血流动力学的严重程度。与对照组相比, 两个PAH组的右心室射血分数 (EF) 均较低(p <.05) , 且并没有因为卡维地洛的使用而进一步降低。左室HED DV显著增加, 提示卡维地洛改善了左心室的SNS功能。左心室的示踪剂洗脱减少 (p <0.05) , 但右心室的洗脱没有减少。

结论

PAH疾病严重程度与右室HED DV降低相关。 这与选择性交感神经去神经化有关。 晚期给予卡维地洛治疗未能使RV功能得到恢复。 这些结果支持了HED成像在评估右心室衰竭中的SNS神经分布中的作用。

French Abstract

Contexte

On sait peu de choses sur les séquelles de l'activation chronique du système nerveux sympathique (SNS) chez les patients souffrant d'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) et d'insuffisance ventriculaire droite (IVD). Nous avons tenté de :1) valider l'utilisation de la [11C] -meta-hydroxyephedrine (MHED) pour évaluer l’intégrité du SNS ventriculaire droit (VD) et 2) déterminer les effets du blocage des récepteurs β sur la fonction ventriculaire et l’activité du SNS myocardique en utilisant un modèle de rat HTAP.

Méthodes

L'HTAP a été induite chez des rats mâles Sprague-Dawley (N = 36) à l'aide du modèle Sugen + hypoxie chronique. À la 5ieme semaine après l'injection, les rats HTAP ont été randomisés pour recevoir du Carvédilol (15 mg / kg / jour par voie orale; n = 16) ou le véhicule (n = 16) pour 4 semaines. La fonction SNS myocardique a été évaluée par tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) avec du MHED marqué au carbone 11.

Résultats

Avec l'augmentation de la sévérité de l'HTAP, l'immunohistochimie a confirmé la dénervation sélective du système nerveux sympathique du VD et l’épargne des nerfs parasympathiques. Ces résultats ont été confirmés sur le PET avec une corrélation négative significative entre le montant de captation de MHED et la pression systolique du ventricule droit (PSVD) (r = -0,90, p = 0,0003). En comparaison avec le véhicule, le Carvédilol n'a pas réduit la sévérité de l’HTAP. La fraction d'éjection du VD s’est avérée inférieure faible dans les deux groupes d’HTAP par rapport au groupe témoin (p <0,05), et n'a pas été réduite davantage par le Carvédilol. Le Carvédilol a amélioré la fonction SNS du ventricule gauche (VG) en parallèle à augmentation significative de la captation de l’MHED et une diminution de la disparition du traceur au niveau du VG (p <0,05) mais pas au niveau du VD

Conclusions

La sévérité de l'HTAP est corrélée à une réduction de la captation de MHED au niveau du VD reflétant sa dénervation sympathique sélective. Un traitement tardif au Carvédilol ne permet pas de récupérer la fonction du VD. Ces résultats supportent le rôle de l'imagerie MHED-TEP dans l'évaluation de l'innervation SNS en cas d’insuffisance du VD.

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Abbreviations

DBH:

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase

DV:

Volume of distribution

HED:

Hydroxyephedrine

PAAT:

Pulmonary artery acceleration time

PAH:

pulmonary arterial hypertension

RHF:

Right heart failure

RVSP:

Right ventricular systolic pressure

SNS:

Sympathetic nervous system

VaChT:

Vesicular acetylcholine transporter

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Julia Petryk and Richard Seymour for their technical assistance with the nuclear imaging, hemodynamic assessments, respectively.

Disclosures

RdK is a consultant for- and has received grant funding from Jubilant DraxImage. RdK receives revenues from Rubidium-82 generator technology licensed to Jubilant DraxImage, and from sales of FlowQuant software. RSB is or has been a consultant for- and has received grant funding from GE Healthcare, Lantheus Medical Imaging, and Jubilant DraxImage. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.

Ethical approval

All animal received humane care and procedures conformed to the guiding principles of the National Institute of Health’s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and were approved by the University of Ottawa Heart Institute Animal Care Committee.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Function and Imaging Program, The National Cardiac PET Centre, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and the Cardiac Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute and University of Ottawa, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada

    Jason G. E. Zelt PhD, Robert A. deKemp PhD, Ali Ahmadi MD, PhD, Rob Beanlands MD & Lisa M. Mielniczuk MD, MSc

  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Jason G. E. Zelt PhD, Duncan J. Stewart MD, Rob Beanlands MD & Lisa M. Mielniczuk MD, MSc

  3. Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Jason G. E. Zelt PhD, Duncan J. Stewart MD, Rob Beanlands MD & Lisa M. Mielniczuk MD, MSc

  4. Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Sarah Schock PhD & William A. Staines PhD

  5. Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada

    Duncan J. Stewart MD

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Correspondence to Jason G. E. Zelt PhD.

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Funding Jason Zelt is an MD/PhD student co-supervised by Drs Lisa Mielniczuk, Rob Beanlands and Rob deKemp and supported in part by the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship and The University of Ottawa. Rob Beanlands is a Career Investigator supported by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario (HSFO) and is a Tier 1 Chair in Cardiac Imaging Research at the University of Ottawa and the Vered Chair in Cardiology at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. Lisa Mielniczuk is a Mid-career Clinician Scientist supported by HSFO and a Tier 2 Chair in HF Research at the University of Ottawa. This work was supported in part by a grant the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (G-17-0018315).

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Zelt, J.G.E., Schock, S., deKemp, R.A. et al. [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine PET evaluation in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension: Effects of carvedilol of right ventricular sympathetic function. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 28, 407–422 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-020-02494-6

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