Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Permethrin or Deltamethrin Exposure in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats on Acoustic and Light Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic or Tactile Startle

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neurotoxicity Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of permethrin (PRM) and deltamethrin (DLM) on acoustic or light prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and tactile startle response (TSR) were studied in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Preliminary studies were conducted to optimize the parameters of light and acoustic prepulse inhibition of ASR and TSR. Once these parameters were set, a new group of rats was administered PRM (0 or 90 mg/kg) or DLM (0 or 25 mg/kg) by gavage in 5 mL/kg corn oil. ASR and TSR were assessed using acoustic or light prepulses 6, 8, and 12 h after PRM and 2, 4, and 6 h after DLM exposure. PRM increased ASR 6 h post-treatment with no interaction with acoustic prepulse levels and with no effect on TSR. When light was used as the prepulse, PRM increased ASR and TSR at 6 h with no interaction with prepulse levels. DLM decreased ASR and TSR on trials without prepulses but not on trials with acoustic prepulses. DLM also decreased ASR when light prepulses were present 4 h post-treatment. A final experiment assessed whether the house light in the test cabinet affected ASR and TSR after PRM or DLM exposure. Rats had increased ASR and TSR when house lights were on compared with when they were off, but lighting did not differentially interact with PRM or DLM. Light and acoustic prepulses of ASR and TSR have different effects depending on the test agent and the test parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anadón A, Martinez-Larrañaga MR, Diaz MJ, Bringas P (1991) Toxicokinetics of permethrin in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 110:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anadón A, Martinez-Larrañaga MR, Fernandez-Cruz ML, Diaz MJ, Fernandez MC, Martinez MA (1996) Toxicokinetics of deltamethrin and its 4’-HO-metabolite in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 141:8–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckland G, Buckland J, Jamieson C, Ison JR (1969) Inhibition of startle response to acoustic stimulation produced by visual prestimulation. J Comp Physiol Psychol 67:493–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crofton KM, Reiter LW (1984) Effects of two pyrethroid insecticides on motor activity and the acoustic startle response in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75:318–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crofton KM, Reiter LW (1987) Pyrethroid insecticides and the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor complex: motor activity and the acoustic startle response in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 243:946–954

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crofton KM, Reiter LW (1988) The effects of type I and II pyrethroids on motor activity and the acoustic startle response in the rat. Fundam Appl Toxicol 10:624–634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geyer MA, Petersen LR, Rose GJ, Horwitt DD, Light RK, Adams LM, Zook JA, Hawkins RL, Mandell AJ (1978) The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline-derived hallucinogens on sensory-integrative function: tactile startle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 207:837–847

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Nieto R, Horta-Júnior Jde A, Castellano O, Millian-Morell L, Rubio ME, López DE (2014) Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex. Front Neurosci 8:216

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hijzen TH, De Beun R, Slangen JL (1988) Effects of pyrethroids on the acoustic startle reflex in the rat. Toxicology 49:271–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijzen TH, Slangen JL (1988) Effects of type I and type II pyrethroids on the startle response in rats. Toxicol Lett 40:141–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modification of startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60:53-58

  • Lehmann J, Pryce CR, Feldon J (1999) Sex differences in the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 104:113–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leitner DS, Cohen ME (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNeish D (2017) Small sample methods for multilevel modeling: a colloquial elucidation of REML and the Kenward-Roger correction. Multivar Behav Res 52:661–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi T, Ison JR (1981) Ontogeny of control over the acoustic startle reflex by visual prestimulation in the rat. Dev Psychobiol 4:311-316

  • Pitzer EM, Sugimoto C, Gudelsky GA, Huff Adams CL, Williams MT, Vorhees CV (2019) Deltamethrin exposure daily from postnatal day 3–20 in Sprague-Dawley rats causes long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 169:511–523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson JR, Taylor MM, Shalat SL, Guillot TS 3rd, Caudle WM, Hossain MM, Mathews TA, Jones SR, Cory-Slechta DA, Miller GW (2015) Developmental pesticide exposure reproduces features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Faseb j 29:1960–1972

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmajuk NA, Larrauri JA, De la Casa LG, Levin ED (2009) Attenuation of auditory startle and prepulse inhibition by unexpected changes in ambient illumination through dopaminergic mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 197:251–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheets LP, Doherty JD, Law MW, Reiter LW, Crofton KM (1994) Age-dependent differences in the susceptibility of rats to deltamethrin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 126:186–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soderlund DM (2012) Molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticide neurotoxicity: recent advances. Arch Toxicol 86:165–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Haaren F, Cody B, Hoy JB, Karlix JL, Schmidt CJ, Tebbett IR, Wielbo D (2000) The effects of pyridostigmine bromide and permethrin, alone or in combination, on response acquisition in male and female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 66:739–746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Haaren F, Haworth SC, Bennett SM, Cody BA, Hoy JB, Karlix JL, Tebbett IR (2001) The effects of pyridostigmine bromide, permethrin, and DEET alone, or in combination, on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval behavior in male and female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 69:23–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verschoyle RD, Aldridge WN (1980) Structure-activity relationships of some pyrethroids in rats. Arch Toxicol 45:325–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vorhees CV, Herring NR, Schaefer TL, Grace CE, Skelton MR, Johnson HL, Williams MT (2008) Effects of neonatal (+)-methamphetamine on path integration and spatial learning in rats: effects of dose and rearing conditions. Int J Dev Neurosci 26:599–610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams MT, Gutierrez A, Vorhees CV (2018) Effects of acute exposure of permethrin in adult and developing Sprague-Dawley rats on acoustic startle response and brain and plasma concentrations. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 165:361–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams MT, Gutierrez A, Vorhees CV (2019) Effects of acute deltamethrin exposure in adult and developing Sprague Dawley rats on acoustic startle response in relation to deltamethrin brain and plasma concentrations. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 168:61–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeomans JS, Lee J, Yeomans MH, Steidl S, Li L (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibition and startle activation in rat. Neuroscience 142:921–929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeomans JS, Li L, Scott BW, Frankland PW (2002) Tactile, acoustic and vestibular systems sum to elicit the startle reflex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 26:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank undergraduate students Erin Tepe, Audra Stueve, Jacob Feldman, Sydney Bevelheimer, Aliyah Lingo, Shalyn Brown, Caitlyn Lohman, and Caitlin Lachut for assisting in testing of rats used in this research.

Funding

This project was supported by the Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Division of Neurology to Drs. Vorhees and Williams. Behavioral testing was conducted through the Animal Behavior Core of Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Samantha L. Regan, Chiho Sugimoto, Adam L. Fritz, Charles V. Vorhees & Michael T. Williams

  2. Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Samantha L. Regan, Chiho Sugimoto, Adam L. Fritz, Charles V. Vorhees & Michael T. Williams

Authors
  1. Samantha L. Regan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chiho Sugimoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adam L. Fritz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Charles V. Vorhees
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michael T. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Samantha Regan, Chiho Sugimoto, and Adam Fritz contributed to the testing of the animals, administered the compounds, compiled, and checked the data. Samantha Regan in collaboration with Dr. Williams statistically analyzed the data. Samantha Regan in collaboration with Dr. Vorhees developed the figures. Drs. Vorhees and Williams conceived and designed the study, edited the paper, and provided the resources to conduct the study.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael T. Williams.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

Drs. Williams and Vorhees received funding from the Council for the Advancement of Pyrethroid Human Risk Assessment, LLC (CAPHRA) from 2012 to 2017. The present studies, however, were not supported by CAPHRA. Dr. Vorhees has, within the last 3 years, consulted for a Scientific Advisory Panel for the International Glutamate Technical Committee. He has also served on Scientific Advisory Committees on Chemicals for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and on a Scientific Advisory Committee on Artificial Food Colors and Children’s Behavior for the California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and on a National Academy of Science Committee to review a National Toxicology Program systematic review of the effects of fluoride on brain development and cognition. Mr. Fritz, Ms. Regan, and Ms. Sugimoto declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Submission Declaration

The authors declare that these data have not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration elsewhere. All authors have reviewed and approved this manuscript and the underlying data on which it is based.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Regan, S.L., Sugimoto, C., Fritz, A.L. et al. Effects of Permethrin or Deltamethrin Exposure in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats on Acoustic and Light Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic or Tactile Startle. Neurotox Res 39, 543–555 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00339-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00339-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation