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Degradation of Erythromycin by a Novel Fungus, Penicillium oxalicum RJJ-2, and the Degradation Pathway

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to isolate effective erythromycin-degrading fungi and determine the characteristics and pathway of degradation.

Methods

Erythromycin-degrading fungi were isolated from erythromycin-contaminated samples using a standard enrichment and isolation method. The degradation characteristics were investigated in mineral salt medium (MSM) with erythromycin as a sole carbon source. Key degradation intermediates were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) and used to deduce the erythromycin degradation pathway of strain RJJ-2.

Results

A novel erythromycin-degrading fungus RJJ-2, was isolated from a contaminated sample. Based on its morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, the strain was 100% similar to P. oxalicum (MN759650) and named P. oxalicum RJJ-2. The strain RJJ-2 degraded 84.88% erythromycin after 96-h incubation at 35 °C and pH 6.0 in MSM with erythromycin (100 mg L−1) as the sole carbon source. Optimal degradation conditions for P. oxalicum RJJ-2 were 35 °C, and pH 6.0 with 0.1% ammonium sulfate supplementation. HPLC–MS analysis indicated that the main degradation intermediates were 3-depyranosyloxy erythromycin A, cladinose, desosamine, and 7,12-dyhydroxy-6-deoxyerythronolide B. It was inferred that the erythromycin was degraded to 3-depyranosyloxy erythromycin A by a glycoside hydrolase in the initial reaction.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that P. oxalicum RJJ-2 is a novel erythromycin-degrading strain, which can provide a new eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for the disposal of erythromycin fermentation wastes and other hazardous chemicals.

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Abbreviations

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

HPLC–MS:

High performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

AFWs:

Antibiotic fermentation wastes

ITS:

Internal transcribed spacer

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Grant Nos. 2019K1238 and 2019K1237); Hebei Cixin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. China. (Grant No. 2018K0948); Shaanxi Xintiandi Grass Industry Co., Ltd. China. (Grant No. 2018K0947); Research on the Development Strategy of Bioenergy and Geothermal Energy Engineering Science and Technology for 2035 (Grant No. 2019-ZCQ-04) and Science Foundation of Changzhou University (Grant No. ZMF18020316).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, No.21 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China

    Jianjun Ren, Zhenzhu Wang, Dongze Niu,  Huhetaoli, Ruitao Zhang & Chunyu Li

  2. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, No.21 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213164, China

    Jianjun Ren, Zhenzhu Wang, Dongze Niu,  Huhetaoli & Chunyu Li

  3. Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd. No, 156 Alamutuya Country, Yining District, Yili, 835000, China

    Liujie Deng, Zhijie Li & Liping Dong

  4. Hebei Cixin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., No. 69 Nanhuan Road, Yongqing County, Langfang, 065600, China

    Jin Zhang

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  1. Jianjun Ren
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Ren, J., Wang, Z., Deng, L. et al. Degradation of Erythromycin by a Novel Fungus, Penicillium oxalicum RJJ-2, and the Degradation Pathway. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 4513–4523 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01343-y

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