Abstract
In this work, we present two green routes, as an alternative method to traditional synthesis, to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) from vanillin (TiO2_V) and Bougainvillea glabra Choisy flower extracts (TiO2_B) as suitable non-toxic reducing agents due to their potential to reduce their environmental impact and cost during the synthesis process. The NPs presented an anatase phase as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and with crystallite sizes of 6.10 nm (TiO2_V) and 5.89 nm (TiO2_B), their hydrodynamic size and morphology were characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed TiO2 characteristic bands for the obtained materials and from their UV–Vis absorption spectra band gap values of 3.07 and 3.08 eV for TiO2_V and TiO2_B, respectively, were calculated. Additionally, Grätzel cells were prepared to investigate the efficiency of the NPs obtained by this green synthesis. Finally, we included a theoretical section where, from ab initio calculations of structural and electronic properties, we explain the role of the reducing agents of the employed experimental synthesis, finding that the radicals restrict the grown-up of the clusters by the passivation of the dangling bonds modifying the crystal structure of the clusters splitting the t2g orbitals, altering the band gap of the clusters.
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García-Castañeda, M.C., Castellanos-Águila, J.E., Maury-Cuna, G.H.I. et al. A novel route to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles using green synthesis with vanillin and Bougainvillea glabra Choisy extract. Appl Nanosci 11, 887–894 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01648-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01648-9