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Superstructures optimization of absorption chiller for WHR of ICE aiming power plant repowering and air conditioning

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Abstract

The present work aims to achieve the optimal solutions in synthesis and design levels for absorption chillers involving waste heat recovery (WHR) with repowering and cooling applications on reciprocating Wärtsilä diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) of 9 MW. The methodology is based on superstructure optimization approach, allowing to define the best configuration and finest parametric variables. This work presents separately three independent superstructures; single-effect powered by hot water or exhaust gases and double-effect powered by exhaust gases. In particular, absorption chillers can provide a chilled water system whose applications on Viana thermoelectric power plant might be performed through the installation of heat exchangers on radiator’s downstream, air conditioning systems and on the intake air of the engine. Therefore, allowing a reduction on electrical energy demand, brake specific fuel consumption and levering the brake shaft power output. A comparison is carried out between the three optimal configurations in terms of thermoeconomic parameters. The best optimal solution in means of highest profit is the hot water single-effect absorption chiller with solution heat exchanger in its structure. For instance, the profit of this optimal solution is US$ 4.75 per hour, which presents a total cost of investment of US$ 588,252.00 and a chilled water specific unit cost of US$ 2523.00 per ton. The benefit is calculated by using International Organization for Standardization documents which gives an amount of additional power output of 45.142 kW (0.517\(\%\)) with a reduction on brake specific fuel consumption around 1.282 g kWh−1 (0.646\(\%\)). The absorption chiller also reduces energy demand at radiator, resulting in 39.719 kW of savings.

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Abbreviations

A :

Heat transfer area

AC:

Air conditioning

Ar:

Argon

b :

Splitting

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

C :

Chilled water specific cost

CC:

Cooling coil

CEPCI:

Chemical engineering plant cost index

CHP:

Cooling, heating and power

CI:

Cost index

\(\mathrm{CO}_2\) :

Carbon dioxide

COP:

Coefficient of performance

CR:

Control room

CRF:

Capital recovery factor

CT:

Cooling tower

CVU:

Variable cost per unit

CwAuHX:

Chilled water auxiliary heat exchanger

\(\varDelta \) :

Variation or difference

\(\epsilon \) :

Effectiveness

EES:

Engineering equation solver

h :

Specific enthalpy

Hp:

High pump

HX:

Heat exchanger

\(\mathrm{H}_2\)O:

Water

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

\(i_{\mathrm{eff}}\) :

Effective interest rate

ISO:

International organization for standardization

K :

Proportional weighted constant

LHV:

Lower heating value

LMTD:

Log mean temperature difference

Lp:

Low pump

LV:

Low voltage room

m :

Equipment’s coefficient

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate

n :

Number of ...

N :

Rotation speed

\(\mathrm{N}_2\) :

Nitrogen

o :

Equipment’s coefficient

\(\mathrm{O}_2\) :

Oxygen

\(\mathrm{OF}\) :

Objective function

ORC:

Organic Rankine cycle

\(\dot{P}\) :

Profit rate

\(\%\) :

Percentage value

\(\phi _{\mathrm{main}}\) :

Maintenance coefficient

PR:

Pressure ratio

Q :

Volumetric flow rate

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat rate

\(\dot{R}\) :

Revenue rate

\(\rho \) :

Density

\(\mathrm{SO}_2\) :

Sulphur dioxide

\(\sum \) :

Sum

T :

Temperature

TCI:

Total cost of investment

U :

Global heat transfer coefficient

\(\dot{W}\) :

Work rate

WHR:

Waste heat recovery

x :

Solution mass fraction

X :

Parameter of interest

Z :

Purchase cost

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Cost rate

a:

Air stream

ART:

Artificial

cw:

Chilled water

eff:

Effective

ele:

Electric

em:

Electric motor

exp:

Expansion

f:

Fuel

i :

Index

in:

Inlet

lm:

Log mean

main:

Maintenance

max:

Maximum

min:

Minimum

ope:

Operation

ou:

Outlet

p:

Pump

rad:

Radiator

ref:

Reference

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Program of Research and Development of the Electric Energy Sector regulated by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Support Foundation Espírito Santo Research (FAPES), Termelétrica Viana S.A. (TEVISA) which provided financial support for the R&D project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Espírito Santo, Fernando Ferrari Avenue, 514, Campus Goiabeiras, Vitória, Brazil

    André Chun, Alexandre Persuhn Morawski, Marcelo Aiolfi Barone, Carla César Martins Cunha, João Luiz Marcon Donatelli & José Joaquim Conceição Soares Santos

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  1. André Chun
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  2. Alexandre Persuhn Morawski
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Correspondence to André Chun.

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Chun, A., Morawski, A.P., Barone, M.A. et al. Superstructures optimization of absorption chiller for WHR of ICE aiming power plant repowering and air conditioning. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 43, 135 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-02872-2

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