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The Challenge of Establishing the Burden of Anaphylaxis: Some Recent Trends

  • Anaphylaxis (M Sanchez-Borges, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of review

This review aims to describe some of the limitations in defining anaphylaxis and therefore the difficulties in studying its epidemiology. Despite these limitations we also aim to describe some of the trends observed in recent studies.

Recent findings

The epidemiological study of anaphylaxis is problematic. Although first described over 100 years ago, the definition of anaphylaxis has undergone revision in the last 2 decades, and a new international consensus definition was proposed in 2014. Clinical diagnostic criteria have been in use for little over a decade. Mast cell tryptase can be used to confirm the diagnosis, but is not always available, is of little use in determining immediate treatment and is not performed in many cases of suspected anaphylaxis. Epidemiological studies rely on clinical diagnosis and medical coding systems which have many limitations.

Summary

Recent changes adopted in the ICD-11 will aid the detection and classification of anaphylaxis cases. The absence of an objective gold standard and the difficulty in data quality at a population level mean that reliable epidemiologic data are difficult to obtain. Anaphylaxis seems to be increasing, with food-induced case in paediatrics and drug-induced cases in adults the main drivers.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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  1. CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

    Merlin McMillan MBChB MSc MRCPCH

  2. Allergy Center CUF Descobertas Hospital, R. Mario Botas, 1998-018, Lisbon, Portugal

    Mário Morais-Almeida MD

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  1. Merlin McMillan MBChB MSc MRCPCH
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Both authors contributed to the manuscript conception and literature review. Data analysis was performed by Merlin Ranald McMillan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Merlin Ranald McMillan, and both authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mário Morais-Almeida MD.

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McMillan, M., Morais-Almeida, M. The Challenge of Establishing the Burden of Anaphylaxis: Some Recent Trends. Curr Treat Options Allergy 7, 441–456 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-020-00257-9

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