Abstract
We simulated the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a great Amazonian hydroelectric reservoir under future climate and land use land cover conditions using a three-dimensional ecological model. Future scenarios were developed taking into account the Representatives Concentrations Pathway (RCP) adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) in its fifth Assessment Report (AR5). To investigate the possible effects of future climate and land use changes on CO2 emissions, we compared our results with a previous study that simulated the carbon emissions under present climate conditions. The results showed that under moderate climatic changes scenario associated to the recuperation of natural land covers in the watershed (i.e., increase in forestry areas) the CO2 emissions are estimated to be more than 100% higher than the current emissions in a specific season. On the other hand, in a more extreme climatic changes scenario associated to the expansion of agriculture and pasture areas, the estimates of CO2 emissions along the year decrease of 5% compared to current emissions. Our findings indicate that the processes such as eutrophication, mixing and stratification of water column and the water retention time will be key elements controlling the CO2 emission from Amazonian reservoirs in the future. We highlight that the CO2 emissions from future planed Amazonian hydroelectric reservoirs are uncertain and will be highly dependent of regional climate and LULC changes. Decision makers must to consider these two important factors in the environmental impact studies and comparisons with CO2 emission from other energy sources.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Remote Sensing Division (DSR) and the Hydrosphere Research Group of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) for providing the infrastructure to conduct this study. The authors also thank Dr. Julio Pablo Reyes Fernandez from Brazilian Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC/INPE) for his contributions and insights about the regional climate modelling approach used in this study. The first author is grateful to the Brazilian Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for the doctorate-level scholarship (under Grant 161233/2013-9). Part of this work were supported by Centrais Elétrica do Norte do Brasil S.A. (ELETRONORTE, Grant 4500075234) and the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL, Grant 8000003629). The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change (INCT for Climate Change) for funding the ELCOM-CAEDYM model license.
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Curtarelli, M., Stech, J., Lorenzzetti, J. et al. Predicting modeling scenarios of climate change impact on the CO2 emissions from an Amazonian hydroelectric reservoir. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 7, 631–639 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00930-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00930-7