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Enhanced ciprofloxacin removal by plant growth-promoting Microbacterium sp. WHC1 in presence of Eichhornia crassipes root exudates

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Abstract

Antibiotics are released undegraded or partially degraded in the environment which renders them difficult for bioremediation, therefore creating a major threat to antibiotic pollution. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a fluoroquinolone that is highly persistent and refractory to degradation. The current study aims to isolate and characterize the CIP resistant, rhizospheric bacteria from Eichhornia crassipes, to assess the effect of root exudates on CIP removal. Also, the plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of the isolated bacteria were evaluated in the absence and presence of CIP. The enrichment technique in M9 minimal media was used for the isolation and bacteria was identified as Microbacterium sp. WHC1. E.crassipes was able to remove 78% of CIP from Hoagland media. However, the maximum removal was seen in presence of the root exudates and bacterial isolate WHC1 (98%). In-vitro screening of the bacteria was done for studying the PGP traits. Microbacterium sp. WHC1 showed positive results for ammonia and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, whereas negative results were obtained for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production and phosphorous (P) solubilization. The current study findings can help in understanding the interactions between the rhizoplane bacteria and root exudates which helps in the decontamination of pollutants. PGP activities of these isolates could be a strategy to improve large scale polluted sites using green and eco-friendly technology.

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Acknowledgements

Financial assistance provided by the NASF research grant (project entitled “Bioremediation of chemical contaminants and their complexes present in drainage water with high dynamic flux used for irrigation in urban and peri-urban agriculture”), sanction no. NASF/CA-6030/2017-18 is highly acknowledged. KKS highly acknowledges the University Grant Commission (UGC), Government of India for providing the stipend. MK acknowledges the Hindu College, DU for the research grant for the Innovation project (IP-2019-20/SC/06 and 07).

Funding

This study was supported by the funding agency, National Agricultural Science Fund, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Delhi, India.

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Author notes

  1. Kushneet Kaur Sodhi and Mohit Kumar have equal contribution and should be considered as equal authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Microbial Ecology and Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Kushneet Kaur Sodhi, Mohit Kumar, Amit Singh Dhaulaniya, Biji Balan & Dileep Kumar Singh

  2. Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Mohit Kumar

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  1. Kushneet Kaur Sodhi
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Correspondence to Dileep Kumar Singh.

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42398_2020_153_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary Fig. 1: Percentage CIP removal in 14 days by Microbacterium sp. WHC1 on treatment with root exudates. Data (mean & SEM) are representative of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using Student t – test. p <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (docx 28 kb)

Supplementary Table 1: Table showing the MTC of strains at 24 h, 48 h & 72 h (docx 13 kb)

42398_2020_153_MOESM3_ESM.docx

Supplementary Table 2: Plant growth promoting traits of the Microbacterium sp. WHC1 in the presence and absence of CIP (doc 7514 kb)

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Sodhi, K.K., Kumar, M., Dhaulaniya, A.S. et al. Enhanced ciprofloxacin removal by plant growth-promoting Microbacterium sp. WHC1 in presence of Eichhornia crassipes root exudates. Environmental Sustainability 4, 143–153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-020-00153-7

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