Abstract
The double-network (DN) hydrogel concept developed by J.P. Gong and Y. Osada builds upon interpenetrating networks by combining brittle and ductile components to have significantly enhanced fracture properties. The generality of the DN effect was tested by creating biopolymer-based hydrogels of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) and extended upon creating DNs of MCS and poly(N,N dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAAm), verifying that DNs were not limited to the original combination of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS)/polyacrylamide (PAAm). Further, the mechanical properties were varied by changing the monomer concentrations, cross-linker concentrations and the addition of cross-linking groups through copolymerizations of MCS and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Overall, this work demonstrates that a broad range of mechanical properties achievable through DN effect under tension and compression, generally independent of the swelling degree, which is fundamentally different behavior than possible with single networks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. P. Gong, Soft Matter 6, 2583–2590 (2010).
Q. Li, D. Wang and J. H. Elisseeff, Macromolecules 36, 2556–2562 (2003).
V. C. Mow, A. Ratcliffe and A. Robin Poole, Biomaterials 13, 67–97 (1992).
Q. Li, C. G. Williams, D. N. Sun, J. Wang, K. Leong and J. H. Elisseeff, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 68, 28–33 (2004).
T. C. Suekama, J. Hu, T. Kurokawa, J. P. Gong and S. H. Gehrke, ACS Macro Letters 2, 137–140 (2013).
G. Ingavle, N. Dormer, S. Gehrke and M. Detamore, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 23, 157–170 (2012).
N. J. Steinmetz and S. J. Bryant, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 109, 2671–2682 (2012).
T. C. Suekama, J. Hu, T. Kurokawa, J. P. Gong and S. H. Gehrke, Macromolecular Symposia 329, 9–18 (2013).
A. Khanlari, M. S. Detamore and S. H. Gehrke, Macromolecules, 46, 9609–9617 (2013).
S. Liang, Z. L. Wu, J. Hu, T. Kurokawa, Q. M. Yu and J. P. Gong, Macromolecules 44, 3016–3020 (2011).
Q. M. Yu, Y. Tanaka, H. Furukawa, T. Kurokawa and J. P. Gong, Macromolecules 42, 3852–3855 (2009).
J. Hu, K. Hiwatashi, T. Kurokawa, S. M. Liang, Z. L. Wu and J. P. Gong, Macromolecules 44, 7775–7781 (2011).
N. Peppas, Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy, CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, (1988).
S. H. Gehrke, in Transport in Pharmaceutical Sciences, eds. G. L. Amidon, P. I. Lee and E. M. Topp, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, 2000, pp. 473–546.
T. C. Suekama, D. Rennerfeldt, A. Khanlari and S. H. Gehrke, Manuscript in preparation
P. Calvert, Advanced Materials 21, 743–756 (2009).
Y. H. Na, Y. Tanaka, Y. Kawauchi, H. Furukawa, T. Sumiyoshi, J. P. Gong and Y. Osada, Macromolecules 39, 4641–4645 (2006).
M. A. Haque, T. Kurokawa and J. P. Gong, Polymer 53, 1805–1822 (2012).
Y. Kawauchi, Y. Tanaka, H. Furukawa, T. Kurokawa, T. Nakajima, Y. Osada and J. P. Gong, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 184, 012016 (2009).
G. A. Abraham, A. A. de Queiroz and J. S. Román, Biomaterials 22, 1971–1985 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suekama, T.C., Khanlari, A. & Gehrke, S.H. Tuning Mechanical Properties of Chondroitin Sulfate-Based Hydrogels Using the Double-Network Strategy. MRS Online Proceedings Library 1622, 79–84 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.72
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.72