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Virtual Navigation and Interventional Procedures

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Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS) in Neurosurgery

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Abstract

Image-guided interventional procedures are playing an increasingly important role for a diverse set of therapies, from endovascular procedures to percutaneous thermal ablation [7, 28, 32, 54], medical fields for which imaging plays a crucial role. The optimal visualization of patient’s anatomy, treatment target, and devices used is of paramount importance for achieving the best clinical results. Over the last several years, the technological advancement of imaging modalities has been impressive. Modern computed tomography (CT) scanners allow for a complete cardiac scan in less than one second with reduced radiation dose [10, 21]. Thanks to 3T magnets, it is possible to achieve incredibly defined magnetic resonance (MR) images [5, 43], and high real-time image quality is currently a standard in ultrasound equipment [6, 63]. However, intrinsic limitations still exist for most if not all imaging modalities. Thus, besides developing further technological advancements for each single modality, a complementary strategy has been proposed, i.e., fusing information obtained from different imaging modalities in order to overcome the limitations of individual modalities [3, 8, 30, 31, 34, 39, 42, 64]. In diagnostic imaging, this concept has led to the birth of hybrid CT and positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, which provide, in a single examination, high-quality anatomic information (thanks to CT) merged with functional information deriving from different tracers detected by PET scanners [1, 8, 36]. In interventional radiology, fusion of real-time ultrasound (US) with CT, MR, or even CT/PET images has been reported as being not only feasible but also effective in guiding percutaneous biopsies and ablations through the body and is thought to be one of the main improvements that will propel the future of interventional radiology [3, 26, 30, 41, 62].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (Milano), Italy

    Giovanni Mauri

  2. Department of Interventional Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy

    Giovanni Mauri

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano (Milano), Italy

    Luigi Solbiati

  4. Department of Radiology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milano), Italy

    Luigi Solbiati

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  1. Giovanni Mauri
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Correspondence to Giovanni Mauri .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy

    Francesco Prada

  2. UO Radiologia Oncologica, Humanitas Univ. and Research Hospital UO Radiologia Oncologica, Busto Arsizio, Italy

    Luigi Solbiati

  3. UO Radiologia, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Como, Italy

    Alberto Martegani

  4. Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Fondazione IRCCS, Milano, Italy

    Francesco DiMeco

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Mauri, G., Solbiati, L. (2016). Virtual Navigation and Interventional Procedures. In: Prada, F., Solbiati, L., Martegani, A., DiMeco, F. (eds) Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS) in Neurosurgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25268-1_10

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