Abstract
The Billingen area in the Middle Swedish endmoraine zone has been studied with respect to climatic changes and their effects between c. 11,300 and 9,500 yr B.P. With litho-, bio- and chronostratigraphic investigations combined with various physical and chemical analyses a picture of the Late Weichselian/Early Holocene glacial, vegetational and, climatic history has been obtained. In the later part of the rather warm Allenzød Chronozone the Baltic Ice Lake was drained and the glacier retreated north of Mt. Billingen. A significant glacier readvance occurred in the early, cool part of the Younger Dryas Chronozone once again damming the huge glacial lake in the east. Around 10,500 yr B.P. a significant climatic amelioration created prerequisites for a normal vegetational succession and the final retreat of the glacier from the area. The last drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake occurred and after another c. 600 years the area for a short time was influenced by marine water some hundred years before the whole area was lifted above sea level.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Berglund, B.E., 1966. Late-Quaternary vegetation in eastern Blekinge, south-eastern Sweden. I. Late-Glacial time. Opera Botanica, 12:1, 1–180.
Berglund, B.E., 1976. The deglaciation of southern Sweden. Presentation of a research project and a tentative radiocarbon chronology. University of Lund, Department of Quaternary Geology Report, 10, 1–67.
Berglund, B.E., 1979. The deglaciation of southern Sweden 13,500–10,000 B.P.Boreas, 8, 89–118.
Bergsten, K.E., 1943. Isälvsält kring norra Vättern. Meddelanden från Lunds universitets geografiska institution, Avhandling, 7, 1–245.
Berzin, L.E., 1967. On the age and sea level oscillations of early and middle Holocene transgressions in the upper part of the Gulf of Riga (in Russian with summaries in English and German). Baltica, 3, 87–104.
Björck, S., 1979. Late Weichselian stratigraphy of Blekinge, SE Sweden, and water level changes in the Baltic Ice Lake. University of Lund, Department of Quaternary Geology Thesis, 7, 1–248.
Björck, S., 1981. A stratigraphic study of Late Weichselian deglaciation, shore displacement and vegetation history in south-eastern Sweden. Fossils and Strata, 14, 1–93.
Björck, S. & Digerfeldt, G., 1982. Late Weichselian shore displacement at Hunneberg, southern Sweden, indicating complex uplift. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 104, 132–155.
Caldenius, C, 1944. Baltiska issjöns sänkning till Västerhavet. En geokronologisk Studie. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 66, 366–382.
Dennegård, B., 1979. Kvartärpaleontologiska studier av lager-följder frän Allerød, Yngre Dryas och Preboreal tid i syd-västra Väneromrädet. Lägesrapport december 1979. Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Göteborgs Universitet, Geologiska Institutionen, Publ. B 136, 1–33.
Digerfeldt, G., 1972. The Post-Glacial development of Lake Trummen. Regional vegetation history, water-level changes and palaeolimnology. Folia Limnologica Scandinavica, 16, 1–96.
Digerfeldt, G., 1974. The Post-Glacial development of the Ran-viken bay in Lake Immeln. I. The history of the regional vegetation, and II. The water-level changes. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 96, 2–32.
Digerfeldt, G., 1976. A Pre-Boreal water-level change in Lake Lyngsjö, Central Halland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 98, 329–336.
Donner, J.J., 1969. Land/sea level changes in southern Finland during the formation of Salpausselkä endmoraines. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 41, 135–150.
Donner, J.J., 1978. The dating of the levels of the Baltic Ice Lake and the Salpausselkä moraines in south Finland. Societas Sientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Physico-Mathe-maticae, 48, 1, 11–38.
Donner, J.J., 1982. Fluctuations in water level of the Baltic Ice Lake. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae A, III, 134, 13–28.
Freden, C, 1982. An outline of the marine stage of the Väner basin. In: The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in southwestern Sweden (ed. E. Olausson). Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C, 794, 16–26.
Gluckert, G. & Ristaniemi, O., 1982. The Ancylus transgression west of Helsinki, South Finland — a preliminary report. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae A, III, 134, 99–110.
Gudelis, V.K., 1969. Die Küstenentwicklung der Südöstlichen Ostsee während der Spät- und Nacheiszeit. Beitrage zur Meereskunde, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin, Institut für Meereskund, 24–25, III, 10–14.
Johansson, S., 1926. Baltiska issjöns tappning. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 48, 186–263.
Johansson, S., 1937. Senglaciala och interglaciala avlagringar vid ändmoränsträket i Västergötland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 59, 379–454.
Johansson, S., 1943. Jordlagren. In: Johansson, S., Sundius, N. & Westergärd, A.H.: Beskrivning tili kartbladet Lidköping. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Aa, 182, 1–185.
Kessel, H. & Raukas, A., 1980. The Quaternary history of the Baltic, Estonia. In: The Quaternary history of the Baltic (eds. V. Gudelis & L.-K. Königsson). Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Symposia Universitatis Upsaliensis, Annum Quingentesimum Celebrantis 1, 127–146.
Kvasov, D.D., 1979. The Late-Quaternary history of large lakes and inland seas of eastern Europe. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae A, III, 127, 1–71.
Lundqvist, G., 1921. Den baltiska issjöns tappning. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 43, 381–385.
Lundqvist, G., 1931. Jordlagren. In: Lundqvist, G., Häggbom, A. & Westergärd, A.H.: Beskrivning till kartbladet Lugnäs. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Aa, 172, 1–185.
Lundqvist, G., 1961. Beskrivning till karta over landisens avsmältning och högsta kustlinjen i Sverige. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ba, 18, 1–148.
Mangerud, J., Andersen, S.T., Berglund, B.E. & Donner, J.J., 1974. Quaternary stratigraphy of Norden, a proposal for terminology and classification. Boreas, 3, 109–128.
Mörner, N.-A., 1969. The Late Quaternary history of the Kattegatt Sea and the Swedish West Coast: deglaciation, shorelevel displacement, chronology, isostasy and eustasy. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C, 640, 1–487.
Mörner, N.-A., 1970. The Younger Dryas Stadial. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 92, 5–20.
Munthe, H., 1910. Studies in the Late-Quaternary history of Southern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 32, 1197–1293.
Munthe, H., 1928(a). Kvartärsystemet. In: Munthe, H., Westergärd, A.H. & Lundqvist, G.: Beskrivning till kartbladet Skövde, 2nd ed. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Aa, 121, 1–182.
Munthe, H., 1928(b). Drag ur den senglaciala utvecklingen av Billingen-Falbygden med omnejd. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 50, 233–286.
Munthe, H., 1940. Om Nordens, främst Baltikums, senkvartära ut-veckling och stenäldersbebyggelse. Kungliga Svenska Veten-skapsakademins Handlingar, Serie 3, 19, 1–242.
Nilsson, E., 1953. Om södra Sveriges senkvartära historia. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 75, 166–246.
Nilsson, E., 1968. Södra Sveriges senkvartära historia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademins Handlingar, Serie 4, 12, 1, 1–117.
Olausson, E., (ed.) 1982. The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in south-western Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C, 794, 1–284.
Ramsay, W., 1924. Strandlinjerna i södra Finland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 43, 495–497.
Sauramo, M., 1934. Zur spätquartären Geschichte der Ostsee. Comptes Rendus de la Societé Géologique de Finlande, 8, 1–60.
Sauramo, M., 1937. Das System der spätglazialen Strandlinien im südlichen Finnland. Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commenta-tiones Physico-Mathematicae, 9, 10, 1–23.
Sauramo, M., 1958. Die Geschichte der Ostsee. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series A, III, 51, 1–522.
Strömberg, B., 1974. Billingenomrâdet vid slutet av den senaste istiden. Skaraborgsnatur, 11, 2–16.
Strörnberg, B., 1977. Einige Bemerkungen zum Rückzug des Inlandeises am Billingen (Västergötland, Schweden) und dem Ausbruch des Baltischen Eisstausees. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl. — Bd., 27, 89–111.
Westergärd, A.H., 1926. Kvartärsystemet. In: Westergärd, A.H., Johansson, H.E. & Willén, N.: Beskrivning till kartbladet Karlsborg. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Aa, 162, 1–96.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Björck, S., Digerfeldt, G. (1984). Climatic Changes at Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in the Middle Swedish Endmoraine Zone, Mainly Inferred from Stratigraphic Indications. In: Mörner, NA., Karlén, W. (eds) Climatic Changes on a Yearly to Millennial Basis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7692-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7692-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8399-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7692-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive