Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main inorganic component of natural bones, is widely studied as a biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. The crystal structure of HA lends itself to a wide variety of substitutions and ion doping, which allows for tailoring of material properties. In this study, iron-doped HA was synthesized via a simple ion-exchange procedure and characterized thoroughly for crystal structure and phase purity using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic properties were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer and superconducting quantum interference device analysis. Ion-exchange was attempted using both ferric and ferrous chloride iron solutions, but a substitution was only achieved using ferric chloride solution. The results showed that after iron substitution the powder retained characteristic apatite crystal structure and functional groups, but the iron-doped samples displayed paramagnetic properties, as opposed to the diamagnetism of pure HA. The effect of soaking time on iron content was also examined, and collectively X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy results suggested that an increase in soaking time led to an increase in iron content in the sample powder. Iron-substituted HA nanoparticles, a biomaterial with magnetic properties, could be a promising biomaterial to be used in a variety of biomedical fields, including magnetic imaging, drug delivery, or hyperthermia-based cancer treatments.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the U.S. Department of Education Graduate Assistance In Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship Program (P200A09315) and National Science Foundation (BES 0503315 and CBET-1133883) for their support of the research. AM and SS thank the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Division of Chemical, Geological, and Biological Science under grant DE-FG02-86ER13622.A000 for support of this work. They would also like to thank Dr. Bill Hines for his assistance with the SQUID equipment, and Dr. Heng Zhang for his assistance with the XPS facility.
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Kramer, E.R., Morey, A.M., Staruch, M. et al. Synthesis and characterization of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite via a simple ion-exchange procedure. J Mater Sci 48, 665–673 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6779-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6779-2