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Effects of low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on the osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint in rabbit

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Abstract

Objective

To compare the effect between intra-articular infiltration of low molecular weight (LMW-HA) and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) on the histopathological characteristics of the cartilage and disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) induced in rabbits.

Material and methods

An experimental study was conducted on 38 rabbit TMJs. The effect of different hyaluronic acids was compared at 30 and 135 days. Histopathological analysis was performed. Cartilage damage was assessed with the OARSI scale.

Results

The severity of the induced OA according to OARSI was 3.4 degrees in the mandibular condyle (MC) and 3.2 in the mandibular fossa (MF); the articular disc (AD) presented disorganization of the collagen fibers, with randomly arranged hypertrophic chondrocytes. At 30 days, untreated TMJs worsened. TMJ treated with LMW-HA reduced its severity to 1.5 degrees in MC and 1.6 in MF, the AD presented histological aspects within normal limits. TMJ treated with HMW-HA presented 2.4 degrees in MC and 2.2 in MF, the AD maintained characteristics similar to the group with OA. At 135 days, all groups worsened.

Conclusion

Exogenous HA is effective in the management of TMJ-OA induced in rabbits, showing cartilage and articular disc repair at 30 days. The LMW-HA group had better effects on joint tissue than HMW-HA 30 days after treatment. However, at 135 days, both groups presented regression of joint tissue repair.

Clinical relevance

HA is effective in the anti-arthritic treatment of TMJ-OA induced in rabbits; LMW-HA shows better results in cartilage and articular disc repair than HMW-HA.

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the role of Prof. Adriana Vasconcellos for her professional support as a medical pathologist in this study.

Funding

The study was financed by Project DI20-0018 and the Temporomandibular Disorder and Orofacial Pain Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. The funding bodies did not participate in the conception, design, or execution of the project that was carried out independently.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integral Adult Care Dentistry, Temporomandibular Disorder and Orofacial Pain Program, Sleep & Pain Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Veronica Iturriaga & Thomas Bornhardt

  2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avenida 18 de Septiembre #2222, Arica, Chile

    Bélgica Vásquez

  3. Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Mariano del Sol

Authors
  1. Veronica Iturriaga
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  2. Bélgica Vásquez
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  3. Thomas Bornhardt
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  4. Mariano del Sol
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Contributions

All authors contributed with the conception and design of the study, drafting the article, critically revising the manuscript for important intellectual content, and giving final approval and agreeing to be accountable for all aspects of this work. Veronica Iturriaga contributed with the experimental procedures and data analysis and interpretation. Bélgica Vásquez contributed with data analysis and interpretation. Mariano del Sol contributed by providing study materials and data interpretation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bélgica Vásquez.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Universidad de La Frontera (File No. 083/2016).

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Iturriaga, V., Vásquez, B., Bornhardt, T. et al. Effects of low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on the osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint in rabbit. Clin Oral Invest 25, 4507–4518 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03763-x

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