Abstract
Soil microbial community structure is altered by petroleum contamination in response to compound toxicity and degradation. Understanding the relation between petroleum contamination and soil microbial community structure is crucial to determine the amenability of contaminated soils to bacterial- and fungal-aided remediation. To understand how petroleum contamination and soil physicochemical properties jointly shaped the microbial structure of soils from different oilfields, high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS amplicons were used to evaluate the shifts of microbial communities in the petroleum-contaminated soils in Ughelli East (UE), Utorogu (UT), and Ughelli West (UW) oilfields located in Delta State, Nigeria. The results showed 1515 bacteria and 919 fungal average OTU number, and community richness and diversity, trending as AL > UT > UW > UE and AL > UW > UT > UE for bacteria, and AL > UW > UT > UE and UW > UT > AL > UE for fungi, respectively. The bacterial taxa KCM-B-112, unclassified Saccharibacteria, unclassified Rhizobiales, Desulfurellaceae, and Acidobacteriaceae and fungal Trichocomaceae, unclassified Ascomycota, unclassified Sporidiobolales, and unclassified Fungi were found to be the dominant families in petroleum-contaminated soils. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that total carbon (TC), electric conductivity (EC), pH, and moisture content (MO) were the major drivers of bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) analysis exhibited that the differences in C7–C10, C11–C16, and C12–C29 compounds in the crude oil composition and soil MO content jointly constituted the microbial community variance among the contaminated soils. This study revealed the bacterial and fungal communities responsible for the biodegradation of petroleum contamination from these oilfields, which could serve as biomarkers to monitor oil spill site restoration within these areas. Further studies on these contaminated sites could offer useful insights into other contributing factors such as heavy metals.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) of China and the School of International Studies, Lanzhou Jiaotong University: The Nigerian Petroleum Development Corporation (NPDC) OML 34 team of sample collection assistance.
Funding
This work was supported through funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760110 and 31560121).
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MOM: conceived and designed the analysis; collecting of the data and analysis tools; experimental procedure; writing of the paper; XHK: collecting the data and analysis tools; analysis of data; YL: experimental procedure; LFH: experimental procedure; SWL: supervision, conceptualization, revision of manuscript
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Mafiana, M.O., Kang, XH., Leng, Y. et al. Petroleum contamination significantly changes soil microbial communities in three oilfield locations in Delta State, Nigeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 31447–31461 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12955-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12955-1