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Detecting the effect of water level fluctuations on water quality impacting endangered fish in a shallow, hypereutrophic lake using long-term monitoring data

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Abstract

Water level fluctuations (WLFs) affect phytoplankton dynamics, water quality, and fish populations in lakes and reservoirs around the world. However, such effects are system-specific and vary due to interactions with other external factors such as solar radiation, air temperature, wind, and external phosphorus loading. Utilizing data from a long-term monitoring program (1990–2016), we developed an approach using cross-tabulation contour and conditional probability analyses to detect the effects of WLFs on the frequency of poor water quality impacting native fish in a large, shallow, hypereutrophic lake. Through the incorporation of long-term inter-annual and seasonal variability in climatic factors and cyanobacterial bloom periodicity, our approach detected non-linear WLF effects whereby both high and low-lake levels were associated with higher probabilities of poor water quality conditions stressful to fish including high pH, high un-ionized ammonia, and low dissolved oxygen. Although lake level management may not prevent poor water quality in any given year due to other external factors such as temperature or wind, we determined that seasonally based intermediate lake levels bracketing the long-term median afforded the best water quality conditions for endangered fish during the summer period when poor water quality is most common.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the field and laboratory crews at the Klamath Tribes Natural Resources Department and Sprague River Water Quality Lab for their collection and analysis of field data as part of the Klamath Tribes’ long-term lake ecosystem monitoring program. We also thank William W. Walker, who provided review comments and whose earlier work this is an extension of, as well as two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments greatly improved this paper. Funding for our analyses was provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency.

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  1. Aquatic Ecosystem Sciences LLC, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA

    Jacob Kann

  2. Walker Environmental Research LLC, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA

    Jeffrey D. Walker

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Analyses were completed as part of research to evaluate water levels necessary to support fish populations for the Klamath Tribes. Jacob Kann was previously employed by and has received research funding from the Klamath Tribes.

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Kann, J., Walker, J.D. Detecting the effect of water level fluctuations on water quality impacting endangered fish in a shallow, hypereutrophic lake using long-term monitoring data. Hydrobiologia 847, 1851–1872 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04215-z

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