Summary
The following malformations were observed in a human embryo of 28 mm crown-rump length obtained at operation for tubal rupture in a case of extrauterine pregnancy:
-
1.
Secondary anophthalmia with dysplasia and in part aplasia of the diencephalon. Rudiments of both eyes and eyestalklike proliferations within the diencephalon. No lenses and on the left side only a palpebral fissure. Hypoplasia of the right telencephalic hemisphere and of the right side of diencephalon, mesencephalon and proximal parts of the medulla oblongata. Pseudotumorous proliferations in the diencephalon, in the alar plate of the medulla oblongata (protruding into the fourth ventricle) and in the arachnoid. Hypoplasia of the right internal, middle, and external ear. Dysplasia and in part aplasia of facial osseous elements (cebocephalia).
-
2.
Proximal esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula.
-
3.
A Fallot's tetralogy with right-sided aortic arch and regressive right-sided ductus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia, hypoplasia of the right ventricle with excessive hypertrophy of its wall, and hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk. Single left superior vena cava and abnormal, semicircular course of the stems of both coronary arteries.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergquist, H., Källen, B.: Notes on the early histogenesis and morphogenesis of the central nervous system in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 100, 627–659 (1954)
Coulombre, A.J.: The role of intraocular pressure in the development of the chick eye. J. Exp. Zool. 133, 211–225 (1956)
Daniels, E., Moore, K.L.: Direct analysis of early chick embryonic neuro-epithelial responses following exposure to EDTA. Teratology 6, 215–226 (1972)
Doucette, J., Knoblich, R.: Persistent right valve of the sinus venosus. Arch. Pathol. 75, 105–112 (1963)
Duyse, van: De l'anophthalmie congénitale. Archives d'Ophthalmologie 19, 412–429 (1899)
Folger, G.M.: Supravalvular tricuspid stenosis. Association with developmental abnormalities of the right heart and derivatives of the sixth aortic arch. Amer. J. Cardiol. 21, 81–87 (1968)
Gruenwald, P.: A case of atresia of the esophagus combined with tracheoesophageal fistula in a 9-mm human embryo, and its embryological explanation. Anat. Rec. 78, 293–302 (1940)
Henrikson, B., Petterson, G.: Oesophageal atresia. A 21-year material. Z. Kinderchir. 8, 209–217 (1970)
Hild, W., Callas, G.: The behaviour of retinal tissue in vitro, light and electronmicroscopic observations. Z. Zellforsch. 80, 1–21 (1967)
Ingalls, T.H., Prindle, R.A.: Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Epidemiologic and teratologic implications. New Engl. J. Med. 240, 987–995 (1949)
Jacob, H.: Zur Verlaufspathologie und zur Korrelation zentralnervöser Dysgenesien. Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Neuropath., p.155 (1966)
Keyser, A.: The development of the diencephalon of the chinese hamster. An investigation of the validity of the criteria of subdivision of the brain. Thesis, Nijmegen (1972)
Klein, H.W.: Über das Verhalten der Koronararterien bei 43 missgebildeten Herzen. Thesis, Zürich (1965)
Klein, H.W.: On the variability of the coronary artery pattern in transposition complexes. Europ. Teratol. Soc., Proc. 1st. Congr., Cardiff (1971)
Mann, I.: Developmental abnormalities of the eye. 2nd ed., London, Brit. Med. Ass. 1957, 60–98
Meurs-van Woezik, H. van, Klein, H.W.: Calibres of aorta and pulmonary artery in hypoplastic left and right heart syndromes: effects of abnormal bloodflow? Virchows Arch. A Path. Anat. and Histol. 364, 357–364 (1974)
Miller, R.C., Moynihan, P.C.: Esophageal atresia. South. Med. J. 63, 939–945 (1970)
Molz, G.: Agenesie des Ductus arteriosus Botalli bei Neugeborenen mit Fallotscher Tetralogie. Z. Kreislaufforsch. 57, 748–757 (1968)
Monakow, C. von: Uber die Missbildungen des Zentralnervensystems. Erg. d. Allg. Pathol. u. Path. Anat. 6, 513 (1899)
Nakano, S., Kawashima, Y., Miyamoto, T., Kitamura, S., Manabe, H.: Supravalvular tricuspid stenosis resulting from persistent right sinus venosus valve. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 17, 591–595 (1974)
Nieuwkoop, P.D.: Problems of embryonic induction and pattern formation in amphibians and birds. Exp. Biol. Med. 1, 22–36 (1967)
Pagel, W.: Missbildungen der Nebenniere, in: E. Schwalbe, Missbildungen des Menschen und der Tiere, III, 14, 546–547, Jena: Gustav Fischer 1929
Powell, M.L., Hiller, H.G.: Congenital ducto-pulmonary atresia: a variant of pulmonary atresia of some clinical importance. Med. J. Austr. 2, 684–686 (1957)
Recordon, E., Griffith, G.M.: A case of primary bilateral anophthalmia. Brit. J. Ophthalm. 22, 353–360 (1938)
Randolph, J., Lilly, J., Young, M.: Esophageal atresia and associated defects. Clin. Proc. Children's Hosp. Washington, D.C. 23, 309–323 (1967)
Stratford, B.F.: Abnormalities of early development. Amer. J. Obst. Gynec. 7, 1223–1232 (1970)
Stratford, B.F.: Abnormalities of early development. Amer. J. Obst. Gynec. 7, 1223–1232 (1970)
Vaage, S.: Segmentation of the primitive neural tube in chick embryos. Erg. Anat. Entwickl-Gesch. 41, No. 3 (1969)
Walleghem, J.K.R.A.C. van: Oesophagus-atresie. Thesis, Rotterdam 1973
Waterston, D.J., Bonham-Carter, R.E., Aberdeen, E.: Oesophageal atresia: tracheo-oesophageal fistula. A study of survival in 218 infants. The Lancet 1, 819–822 (1962)
Waterston, D.J., Bonham-Carter, R.E., Aberdeen, E.: Congenital tracheo-oesophageal fistula in association with oesophageal atresia. The Lancet 2, 55–57 (1963)
Wood, P.: Diseases of the heart and circulation, 2nd ed. p. 425, Philadelphia: Lippincott 1956
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
We are grateful to Miss D.T. Kiers (Dept. of Clinical Pathology) for technical assistance and to Dr. J. Moll for cooperation during the different stages of preparation of the manuscript. We also thankfully acknowledge the photographic work of Miss P. Delfos and Mr. W. van den Oudenalder.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schenk, V.W.D., Geene, M.J., Klein, H.W. et al. A human embryo of 28 mm crown-rump length with cerebral, esophagotracheal and cardiovascular malformations. Anat. Embryol. 150, 53–62 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346286
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346286