This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Costa DP, LeBoeuf BJ, Ortiz CL, Huntley AC (1986) Energetics of lactation in the Northern Elephant seal. J Zool London (in press)
Davis RW, Kooyman GL, Croxall JP (1983) Water flux and estimated metabolism of free-ranging Gentoo and Macaroni penguins at South Georgia. Polar Biology 2:41–46
Drent RH, Daan S (1980) The prudent parent: energetic adjustments in avian breeding. Ardea 68:225–252
Fedak MA, Anderson SS (1982) The energetics of lactation: accurate measurements from a large wild mammal, the Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). J Zool Lond 198:473–479
Hanwell A, Peaker M (1977) Physiological effects of lactation on the mother. In: Peaker M (ed) Comparative aspects of lactation. Zool Soc Lond Symp 41:297–312
Hayssen V, Lacy RC, Parker PJ (1985) Metatherian reproduction: transitional or transcending? Am Natur 126:617–632
Hirschfield MF, Tinkle DW (1975) Natural selection and the evolution of reproductive effort. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 72:2227–2231
Kaczmarski F (1966) Bioenergetics of pregnancy and lactation in the bank vole. Acta Theriol 11:409–417
Low BS (1978) Environmental uncertainty and the parental strategies of marsupials and placentals. Am Natur 112:197–213
MacArthur RH, Wilson EO (1967) Island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
May RM, Rubenstein DI (1984) Reproductive strategies. In: Austin CR, Short RV (eds) Reproduction in mammals, Vol 4: Reproductive fitness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1–24
Migula P (1969) Bioenergetics of pregnancy and lactation in European common vole. Acta Theriol 14:167–179
Millar JS (1977) Adaptive features of mammalian reproduction. Evolution 31:370–386
Millar JS (1981) Post partum reproductive characteristics of eutherian mammals. Evolution 35:1149–1163
Ortiz CL, LeBoeuf BJ, Costa DP (1984) Milk intake of elephant seal pups: an index of parental investment. Am Natur 124:416–422
Pond CM (1984) Physiological and ecological importance of energy storage in the evolution of lactation: evidence for a common pattern of anatomical organization of adipose tissue in mammals. In: Peaker M, Vernon RG, Knight CH (eds) Physiological strategies in lactation. Zool Soc London Symp 51:1–32
Rahn H (1982) Comparison of embryonic development in birds and mammals: birth weight, time, and cost. In: Taylor CR, Johansen K, Bolis L (eds). A companion to animal physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 124–137
Randolph PA, Randolph JC, Mattingley K, Foster MM (1977) Energy costs of reproduction in the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus. Ecology 58:31–45
Reyer HU (1984) Investment and relatedness: a cost/benefit analysis of breeding and helping in the Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis). Anim Behav 32:1163–1178
Ricklefs RE, Williams JB (1984) Daily energy expenditure and water-turnover rate of adult European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during the nesting cycle. The Auk 101:707–716
Russell EM (1982) Patterns of parental care and parental investment in marsupials. Biol Rev 57:423–486
Walsberg GE (1983) Avian ecological energetics. In: Farner DS, King JR and Parkes KC (eds) Avian Biology Vol VII, Academic Press, New York: 161–220
Westerterp KR, Bryant DM (1984) Energetics of free existence in swallows and martins (hirundinidae) during breeding: a comparative study using doubly labeled water. Oecologia (Berlin) 62:376–381
Wieser W (1985) A new look at energy conversion in ectothermic and endothermic animals. Oecologia (Berlin) 66:506–510
Wilson EO (1975) Sociobiology. Havard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trillmich, F. Are endotherms emancipated? Some considerations on the cost of reproduction. Oecologia 69, 631–633 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00410375
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00410375